TRUE VOLCANOES. 235 



Hypsometi^ of Volcanoes. 



First group, from 700 to 4000 Paris or 746 to 4264 English 

 feet in height. 



The volcano of the Japanese island Cosima^ to the south of Jezo : 



746 feet, according to Horner. 

 The volcano of the Liparian island Volcano : 1305 English feet, ac- 

 cording to F. Hoffmann.* 

 Gunung Api (signifying Fiery Mountain in the Malay language), the 



volcano of the island of Banda: 1949 feet. 

 The volcano of Izalco,t in the state of San Salvador (in Central 



America), which was first ascended in the year 1770, and which 



is in a state of almost constant eruption: 2132 feet, according to 



Squier. 

 Gunung Ringgit, the lowest volcano of Java : 2345 feet, according 



to Junghuhn.J 

 Stromboli: 2958 feet, according to F. Hoffmann. 

 Vesuvius, the Rocca del Palo, on the highest northern margin of the 



crater : the average of my two barometrical raeasurements§ of 



1805 and 1822 gives 3997 feet. 

 The volcano of Jorullo, which broke out in the elevated plateau of 



Mexicoll on the 29th Septembej, 1759 : 4266 feet. 



Second group, from 4000 to 8000 Paris or 4264 to 8528 En- 

 glish feet in height. 



Mont Pele, of Martinique : 4707 feet, according to Dupuget. 

 The Soufriere, of Guadaloupe : 4867 feet, according to C. Deville. 

 Gunung Lamongan, in the most eastern part of Java: 5341 feet, ac- 

 cording to Junghuhn. 



* Letter from F. Hoffmann to Leopold von Buch, upon the Geog- 

 nostic Constitution of the Lipari Islands, in Poggend., Annalen, bd. 

 xxvi., 1832, s. 59. Volcano, 1268 feet, according to the recent meas- 

 urement of C. Sainte-Claire Deville, had violent eruptions of scorise 

 and ashes in the year 1444, at the endof the 16th century, in 1 731, 1739, 

 and 1771. Its fumaroles contain ammonia, borate of selenium, sul- 

 phuret of arsenic, phosphorus, and, according to Bornemann, traces 

 of iodine. The last three substances occur here for the first time 

 among volcanic products {Comptes rendus de I' Acad, des Sciences^ 

 t. xliii., 1856, p. 683). 



t Squier, in the tenth annual meeting of the American Association^ 

 New Haven, 1850. 



t See Franz Junghuhn's exceedingly instructive work, Java, seine 

 Gestalt und PJianzendecke, 1852, bd. i., s. 99. Ringgit has been near- 

 ly extinct since its fearful eruption in the year 1586, which cost the 

 lives of many thousand people. • 



§ The summit of Vesuvius is, therefore, only 260 feet higher than 

 the Brocken. 



II Humboldt, Vues des Cordilleres, pi. xliii., and Atlas Geogr. et 

 Physique, pi. 29. 



