Diverting Water from Streams 



293 



held as far as possible above the level of the surface, in order 

 that there shall be no difficulty in taking out the water upon the 

 land to which it is to be applied. 



If reference is again made to Fig. 52, it will be easy to 



Fig. 54. Bird's-eye view of head of Kern Island canal, looking up stream. 

 (Grunsky, U. S. Geol. Survey.) 



understand that where such vast volumes of water are taken 

 across a country in open canals, carried as high as possible and 

 even above the surface, there must necessarily be an extensive 

 seepage into the subsoil, which in the course of time must 

 tend to raise the original ground-water level much nearer the 



