494 



Index 



Canal, ancient, 67; Busca,210; Ceylon, 

 81; Doab, 80; Egyptian, 68; Eu- 

 phrates, 68; Forez, 72 ; Gattinara, 

 210; Great Imperial, 71; Ganges sys- 

 tem, 80; India, 79 ; Indus valley, 81; 

 Ivrea, 209; West and East Jumna, 80; 

 Kern Island, 292 ; Nahrawan and 

 Dyiel, 69; Nira, 78 ; Santa Ana, 297; 

 Sirhind,291; Soane circle, 80 ; cement, 

 300, 412 ; dangers, 295 ; sewage, 410, 

 412; stone, 410. 



Canvas dam, 339, 341, 355. 



Cape Colony irrigation, 85. 



Capillary spread of water, 161, 330, 375. 



Capillarity, rate in sand and loam, 148. 



Carbon dioxide, consumed by clover, 

 49 ; possible insufficiency in close 

 planting, 185; in soil ventilation, 419; 

 consumed by maize, 185. 



Carpenter, L. G., water-meadows, 219; 

 seepage from reservoir, 323 ; water 

 divisor, 245. 



Catch crops, 152. 



Celery, irrigation, 385. 



Ceylon, irrigation, 81. . 



Checks, 345, 348, 350. 



Check ridges, 346, 348. 



Child, J. T., 83. 



China, irrigation, 71, 82. 



Chinese irrigation, 387. 



Clay soil, develops alkali, 286. 



Climate, arid, 4, 104; for irrigation 

 practice, 89; for sewage irrigation, 

 404; lainfall needed for humid and 

 subhumid, 121 . 



Clover, water used, 24, 34, 36, 41, 46 ; 

 irrigation, 110, 130, 179 ; on sandy 

 soil, 169. 



Colmatage, 94, 261. 



Corn. See Maize. 



Cotton, duty of water, 211. 



Craigentinny meadows, 16, 92, 254, 403. 



Cranberries, duty of water, 220; irriga- 

 tion, 365. 



Cranefleld, F., irrigation with cold 

 water, 251. 



Crops, yields, 125, 126, 174, 175, 177, 179, 

 187, 190, 216 ; for sewage irrigation, 

 409, 411. 



Cucumbers, irrigation, 388. 



Cultivation. See Tillage. 



Cultivator, orchard, 381; potatoes, 354. 



Croyden, sewage irrigation, 411,412, 413. 



Dam, submerged, 305; canvas, 339, 341, 

 355; Bear valley, 302; Vir weir, 78. 



Deherain, 276. 



Delaware river water, 252. 



Denitrification, 334, 370; in sewage, 403; 

 lessened by drainage, 420. 



Denmark, irrigation, 75. 



De Vries, 277. 



Divisors, 244. 



Ditches, depth and grade, 477; bringing 

 to grade, 484 ; digging, 481 ; com- 

 mencing and finishing,483; filling,487. 



Doon, for lifting water, 328. 



Drainage, principles, 415 ; influence on 

 fertility, 13; remedy for alkali lands, 

 284, 288; made necessary by seepage 

 from canals, 295; of water-meadows, 

 360, 364; of cranberry marshes, 366, 

 368; rice fields, 369, 371; necessity, 

 413; ventilates soil, 418, 419; lessens 

 denitrification, 420; increases avail- 

 able moisture, 13, 422; makes soil 

 warmer, 423 ; where needed, 428 ; 

 sinks and ponds, 460 ; intercepting 

 underflow, 459; intercepting surface 

 water, 461; use of trees, 462 ; use of 

 windmill, 463; levels, 470; tools, 482: 

 peat lands, 491. 



Drainage levels, 470 ; use, 471, 473, 477. 



Drainage, surface, 464, 466. 



Drains, depth, 436, 442 ; distance apart, 

 437, 439 ; used in sub-irrigation, 400; 

 entrance of water, 438, 445 ; kinds, 

 443 ; rate of entrance of water, 446 ; 

 use of collars, 446 ; fall or gradient, 

 447 ; size of mains, 450, 452 ; size of 

 laterals, 450, 452 ; outlets, 453 ; ob- 

 structions, 455 ; laying out systems, 



