Index 



495 



456 ; cost, 458, 489 ; staking out, 476 ; 

 determining depth and grade, 477 ; 

 changing grade, 481 ; in peat lands, 

 491; surface, 464, 466. 



Drill, seed, 167. 



Drought, frequency and length of pe- 

 riods, 106, 108, 109, 126. 



Durance, fertility of water, 260 ; head- 

 gate, 263. 



Duty of water, 212, 213, 214, 236 ; maxi- 

 mum, 196 ; least amount for paying 

 crop, 95; average, 214 ; highest prob- 

 able, 198, 215; influenced by crop, 199, 

 227 ; influenced by soil, 200, 203 ; in. 

 fluenced by rainfall, 204 ; influenced 

 Jby subsoil, 205; influenced by cultiva- 

 tion, 206 ; influenced by closeness of 

 planting, 207; influenced by fertility, 

 207 ; influenced by frequency of wa- 

 tering, 207 ; in Egypt, 211 ; France, 

 211; Italy, 209; Spain, 211; for sugar 

 cane, 214 ; rice, 217; for water-mead- 

 ows, 219 ; for cranberries, 220 ; in 

 sub-irrigation, 396, 400. 



Dry farming, western United States, 100. 



Dykes, 261, 306, 366, 369, 428 ; sluices 

 373. 



Earthworms, in soil ventilation, 419. 



Ebermayer, temperature in germina- 

 tion, 248, 425. 



Edinburgh, sewage irrigation, 92, 254, 

 403; Evening Dispatch, 257. 



Egypt, irrigation, 67, 84, 260, 262, 328 ; 

 duty of water, 211 ; prevention of 

 alkali, 288. 



Elliott, C. G., 450, 451, 489, 490. 



England, irrigation, 76, 360, 409, 411, 

 413. 



Euphrates, canals, 68. 



Evaporation, from plants, 40, 42 ; from 

 clover field, 50; rate from soil, 98, 

 148 ; from rolled ground, 167 ; in- 

 influenced by windbreaks, 169 ; 

 through mulches, 201, 



Fallowing, relation to soil moisture, 

 153, 162, 163, 223. 



Fertility, influenced by drainage, 13 ; 

 by cultivation, 370 ; affects duty of 

 water, 207. 



Fertilization, by irrigation, 16, 92, 2.M, 

 259. 



Fertilizers, in sewage, 404; in river wa- 

 ter, 252, 253, 259, 260. 



Field irrigation, by flooding, 338, 34.'. ; 

 in checks, 347, 350 ; by furrows, 352, 

 354, 358; sub-irrigation, 399. 



Filtration of sewage, 404. 



Flume box, 375. 



Flynn, duty of water, 212. 



Flooding, 338; dry soil, 333 ; danger of 

 puddling, 335; systems, 340 ; by run- 

 ning water, 340; on steep slopes, 342; 

 permanent meadows, 344 ; in checks, 

 345, 347,350; preparatory to planting, 

 353; to prevent frost, 365; to destroy 

 insects, 365; rice fields , 369 ; to germi- 

 nate red rice, 371; orchards, 383; gar- 

 dens, 386, 390; lawns and parks, 392. 



Foot ditch, 378. 



Foote, A. D., spillbox, 245. 



Forez canal, 72. 



France, irrigation, |72 ; duty of water, 

 211; water-meadows, 219. 



Fruit, irrigation, 383. 



Furrows, capillary spreading, 161, 330 ; 

 distance apart, 336 ; gradient, 338 ; 

 distributing, 340, 342. 



Furrow irrigation, 352, 358; on sandy 

 soil, 330 ; on fine soil, 332 ; puddles 

 soil less, 336; on steep slopes, 338 ; 

 for potatoes, 354 ; in alternate rows, 

 354, 357 ; for bed flooding, 359 ; for 

 orchards, 375; ring-furrows, 380 ; for 

 small fruits, 383 ; for gardens, 385, 

 387, 389 ; for melons, 388 ; requires 

 less water, 387. 



Garden, irrigation, 384; sewage garden, 



407. 

 Gas-engine, 324; cost of running, 324. 



