Index 



499 



face, 55; acid reaction, 59; extent of 

 surface, 59, 61, 160 ; movement 

 through soil, 63; superficial develop- 

 ment, 208; depth, 200, 227, 231; oats, 

 clover and barley, 60; maize, 61; 

 prune, 228; apple, 229; grape, 230; 

 raspberry, 231 ; strawberry, 232 ; 

 alfalfa, 233. [119. 



Run-off, Mississippi, 117; United States, 



Rye as green manure, 151. 



Rye grass, for sewage meadows, 409. 



Sachs, 55, 425. 



Sahara, irrigation, 85. 



Salts, soluble in alkali land, 269, 276; 

 cause of injuries, 270 ; accumulate 

 with intensive farming, 274; amount 

 injurious, 275, 278. 



Saltwirt, 276. 



Sandwich Islands, irrigation, 86; duty 

 of water, 215. 



Sand, percolation, 112, 224. 



Sandy soils, experiments, 32; texture 

 improved by irrigation, 93, 262; re- 

 tain little water, 111, 205, 224 ; why 

 unproductive, 114; destructive effects 

 of winds, 168; areas suited to irriga- 

 tion, 264; furrow irrigation, 330, 358; 

 handling water, 331. 



San Joaquin valley, 4, 96, 98; flooding 

 system, 348. 



Scraper, ridging, 348, 351. 



Seaman and Schuske, bucket pump, 316. 



Second-foot, 239. 



Seed-bed, preparation, 150, 167. 



Seepage, coarse soils, 203; upland rice 

 culture, 218 ; from canals, 244 ; from 

 reservoirs, 323. 



Sewage, dangerous nitrogen com- 

 pounds, 405; agricultural value, 406; 

 need of wider agricultural use, 406, 

 409 ; in Italy, 406 ; Edinburgh, 403 ; 

 Milan, 407; Paris, 407; Croyden, 411, 

 412, 413. 



Sewage effluent, purity, 414; bacteria, 

 414. 



Sewage grass, wholesomeness, 256, 413. 



Sewage irrigation, object sought, 403; 

 Craigentinny meadows, 16, 92, 254; 

 healthfulness, 256, 405, 413'; distri- 

 bution of water, 403; climatic condi- 

 tions favorable, 404; report of Mas- 

 sachusetts State Board of Health, 

 405; soils best suited, 406; oppor- 

 tunity for in United States, 407; 

 model garden, 407 ; yield of grass, 409 ; 

 grasses for, 409; crops, 409, 411. 



Sewage purification, 405; by irrigation, 

 405; by nitration, 404 ; essential con- 

 ditions, 405. 



Sewage water, 15, 92, 220, 253. 



Siam, irrigation, 83. 



Silt basin, 448. 



Silting coarse soils, 93, 260, 261; oppor- 

 tunity for in United States, 264; of 

 rice fields, 370. 



Siphon, in pipe line, 296; elevator, 310. 



Sirhind canal, 291. 



Sluice, for reservoir, 261, 321, 369. 



Small fruits, irrigation, 383; late plow- 

 ing, 132. 



Smith, Baird, duty of water, 209; water- 

 meadows, 220. 



Smith, Rev., system of intertillage, 157. 



Smith, Brothers, irrigation plant, 308. 



Soil, water capacity, 3, 224; texture in 

 relation to rainfall, 3; humid and 

 arid, 4; ventilation, 11, 419; water- 

 logging, 11, 334; sandy, 32, 111, 114, 

 168, 205, 224, 264, 330, 331, 358; silt- 

 ing, 93, 260, 262, 263, 264; mulches, 

 201, 206; black marsh, 201, 281; pore 

 space, 63 ; best temperature, 248 ; 

 alkali, 282; clay, 286; puddling, prin- 

 ciples governing, 334, 335 ; washing, 

 principles governing, 337 ; absorp- 

 tion of sewage, 404 ; kinds best 

 suited to sewage irrigation, 406. 



Soil grains, relation to root hairs, 55; 

 relation of size to drainage, 438. 



Soil mulches, 142; more effective in 

 arid climates, 105; effectiveness, 144, 



