JEROME CARDAN 25 



was deferred till the despotism of the Ezzelini. In 1260 

 it was again revived by a second migration from Bologna, 

 and this movement was increased on account of the 

 interdict laid by the Pope upon Bologna in 1306 after 

 the expulsion of the Papal Legate by the citizens. 



In the early days Medicine and Arts were entirely 

 subordinate to the schools of canon and civil law ; but 

 by the end of the fourteenth century these first-named 

 Faculties had obtained a certain degree of independence, 

 and were allowed an equal share in appointing the 

 Rector. 1 The first College was founded in 1363, and 

 after 1500 the number rapidly increased. The dominion 

 of the Dukes of Carrara after 1322 was favourable to 

 the growth of the University, which, however, did not 

 attain its highest point till it came under Venetian rule 

 in 1404. The Venetian government raised the stipends 

 of the professors, and allowed four Paduan citizens to 

 act as Tutores Studii ; the election of the professors 

 being vested in the students, which custom obtained 

 until the end of the sixteenth century. 2 The Rector 

 was allowed to wear a robe of purple and gold ; and, 

 when he retired, the degree of Doctor was granted to 

 him, together with the right to wear the golden collar of 

 the order of Saint Mark. 



Padua like Athens humanized its conquerors. It 

 became the University town of Venice, as Pavia was of 

 Milan, and it was for a long time protected from the 

 assaults of the Catholic reaction by its rulers, who 



1 The stipends paid to teachers of jurisprudence were much 

 more liberal than those paid to humanists. In the Diary of 

 Sanudo it is recorded that a jurist professor at Padua received 

 a thousand ducats per annum. Lauro Quirino, a professor of 

 rhetoric, meantime received only forty ducats, and Laurentius Valla 

 at Pavia received fifty sequins. Muratori, xxii. 990. 



2 Tomasinus, Gymnasium Patavinam (1654), p. 136. 



