1918 



AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL 



127 



meal, rice, barley, potatoes (sweet 

 and white), rye, tapioca. 



Group III consists of foods con- 

 taining sugar, the fuel which, to- 

 gether with fats, supplies the energy 

 of the body. Here beekeepers' wives 

 have an unusual opportunity to help 

 supply the needed sugar for the al- 

 lies. For we are familiar with honey 

 and know how to use it in cooking, 

 therefore let us use honey entirely 

 for sweetening, if we have any of 

 the crop left. Of course this does 

 not excuse us from being as sparing 

 as possible in our use of sweets of 

 any kind, and for the sake of variety 

 as well as to supply the needed sugar 

 without encroaching upon that which 

 may be shipped, it is wise to substi- 

 tute dates, raisins, figs and prunes, 

 all of which are rich in sugar. 



Group TV consists of fats, "the 

 most precious thing in this war," for 

 not only do fats supply energy for 

 the body, but they are needed in the 

 making of explosives. We are not 



war a nation which eats more fruit 

 and vegetables, instead of the exces- 

 sive meat eaters we have been. It 

 is from fruits and vegetables that we 

 get mineral salts, certain acids and 

 bulk, or "roughage." all of which 

 help to keep the body in good health. 

 As most of these foods are perish- 

 able, we are not asked to restrict 

 ourselves in their use. and I think 

 that we will find our families all the 

 better for a larger supply of them in 

 our meals. 



It seems as if it should be an easy 

 matter to plan meals with all these 

 foods to choose from, and if we put 

 our whole energy into the task, it is 

 not especially difficult. The woman 

 is fortunate who has her cellar 

 stocked with home products and who 

 has her poultry and eggs in the back 

 yard. Those of us who are city 

 dwellers and who find that the grocer 

 is just out of the very things we 

 planned to eat on a certain day. may 

 have to make the meals a tittle one- 



Apiar 



asked to do without fat — part of our 

 duty is to keep the people at home in 

 prime condition — but we are asked 

 not to waste a single ounce and not 

 to use any more than we need. We 

 certainly do not need pie every day, 

 nor fried foods, and we can substi- 

 tute vegetable oils largely for the 

 animal fats we have always used. 

 There is one precaution to be ob- 

 served, however, in using oleomar- 

 garine or other butter substitutes. 

 None of the fats which take the 

 place of butter contain certain chem- 

 ical substances (which have not yet 

 been named) which seem to be neces- 

 sary for the growth of children, and 

 which are found in butter. You will 

 notice in all the government bulle- 

 tins that we are warned not to cut 

 down the children's butter ration, so 

 even though you may pay the price 

 for butter with a groan, it is better 

 than paying a doctor to tell you that 

 your child is suffering from malnu- 

 trition. 



Group V. the body regulators, 

 form an important part of our meals 

 which is too often neglected. It is to 

 be hoped that we come out of this 



sided that da} - ; but one can readily 

 shift the balance in the other direc- 

 tion the next day. And the best part 

 of putting one's whole heart into the 

 task of providing a balanced ration, 

 is the sure reward of bright eyes and 

 rosy cheeks in the family. 

 Washington, D. C. 



A House Apiary 



By Frank M. Pillsbury 



THE cut shows a house apiary be- 

 longing to Mr. H. Jonsson, in 

 Sweden. He has only black bees 

 and does not favor the Italians, hav- 

 ing tried them and discarded them in 

 favor of the blacks. He has handled 

 these without veil or gloves for 

 years. The house contains forty-eight 

 colonies, as can be seen, with twelve 

 colonies in each ell. Entrances are 

 painted different colors. Formerly 

 skeps were used, but the change to 

 hives has been very satisfactory, 

 since it is no longer necessary to 

 sulphur the bees. 

 Rochester, N. Y. 



Apiary Buildings and Their 

 Equipment 



By Morley Pettit. 



A BEEKEEPER'S buildings and 

 equipment will depend on his 

 general system of manage- 

 ment. If he moves his extracting 

 machinery from apiary to apiary he 

 can use vacant houses or temporary 

 structures which can be made fairly 

 bee-proof at moderate cost. A com- 

 plete extracting outfit at each yard 

 will involve more expense for equip- 

 ment; and if he brings all supers 

 home to extract, a good central plant 

 will practically replace all outapiary 

 buildings. 



All three systems have their ad- 

 vantages and disadvantages, and 

 each beekeeper must choose the one 

 which in his case has the most of the 

 former and the fewest of the latter. 



Before the days of power machin- 

 ery and motor transportation, one of 

 the outyard arrangements seemed 

 the best. The hand extractor was 

 easily moved and set up, or a com- 

 plete set of extractors was not ex- 

 pensive. The smaller output with hand 

 machinery simplified the handling 

 of the honej' and getting it all home 

 each night. On the other hand, 

 teaming supers home and back again 

 was slow, costly and dangerous. 



In one way the introduction of the 

 automobile made this arrangement 

 more desirable by shortening the 

 time on the road and leaving more 

 time for work or recreation each day. 

 But outapiaries have to be moved 

 sometimes; temporary arrangements 

 are little more than a makeshift, 

 and one tires of always working un- 

 der these conditions. 



Then came the more general use 

 of power extractors with increased 

 capacity which complicated the mat- 

 ter of moving and setting up machin- 

 ery and increased the difficulty of 

 clarifying, filling and taking home all 

 honey at the end of each day's work. 

 Some advanced beekeepers immedi- 

 ately bought motor trucks, as the 

 lighter ones were then coming on 

 the market, and started taking all 

 supers home to extract. The high 

 cost of trucking at that time de- 

 terred most of us from following their 

 example ; but I have not heard of 

 anyone going back on that system 

 after once testing it thoroughly. The 

 present facilities for converting light 

 cars into trucks at low expense are 

 increasing the number of satisfied 

 users of the central extracting plant. 



I do not believe the advertising 

 manager of the American Bee Jour- 

 nal will object to the following ex- 

 pression of an idea prevalent among 

 advanced beekeepe-s, that Henry 

 Ford has made commercial beekeep- 

 ing in its present advanced state 

 possible. Without perpetrating a 

 new Fliver joke. I wish to express a 

 desire that his name be placed beside 

 those of the inventors of the mova- 

 ble frame hive, the extractor and 

 comb foundation, and that he be 

 made an honorary member of the Na- 

 tional Beekeepers' Association. 

 Advantages of Central Plant 



When apiaries are all managed 



