86 ECONOMICS OF FORESTRY. 



such use a. large woodland area in the Adirondacks 

 to subserve solely other purposes, this can be only 

 a temporary withdrawal from its main purpose 

 which time and intelligent conception of rational 

 economy will reverse. 



Just so, if a private individual sets apart for the 

 purpose of a game preserve a piece of woodland, 

 and keeps out the axe which would utilize in part 

 the useful timber, he frustrates the primary object 

 of the forest growth temporarily and commits an 

 economic mistake. 



Occasionally it is not the wood but some other 

 part of the tree itself that is the main object of the 

 harvest, as for instance the bark for tanning pur- 

 poses or the resinous contents which are transformed 

 into naval stores. Yet, as a rule, the wood too is 

 utilized and at least forest conditions are main- 

 tained in the production of the crop. But when 

 it comes to a maple sugar orchard, expressly grown 

 for the purpose, or the cork oak plantation, man- 

 aged for the cork, the primary object not only 

 begins to vanish, but also the second criterion of 

 a forest, namely, forest conditions, is absent, and 

 this kind of woodland ceases to fall properly under 

 the term "forest," the designation of orchard or 

 plantation being more appropriate. 



Besides the great primary object of forest growth, 

 that of furnishing useful materials either of wood 

 or parts of the wood substance, there has been rec- 

 ognized indistinctly through all ages, more clearly 



