286 ECONOMICS OF FORESTRY. 



Similarly, the department expends large sums 

 in establishing forests in parts of the arid regions 

 of Beluchistan, and, on the whole, has spent on 

 cultural operations, in different years, from 2 to S-t 

 per cent of its gross revenue, namely, at the rate 

 of about $125,000 per year, over 100,000 acres 

 having been planted since 1880. 



In disposing of its timber the government of 

 India employs various methods. In some districts 

 the people, paying a small tax, get out of the 

 woods their needs. In other cases, the logger 

 pays for what he removes, being neither limited 

 in quantity nor quality of product. The prevalent 

 systems, however, are the permit system, where a 

 definite amount is to be cut and paid for, and the 

 contract system, where the work is more or less 

 under control of government officers, and the 

 material remains governmental property until paid 

 for. To a Hmited extent the Forest department 

 carries on its own logging operations. In spite of 

 many difficulties, a poor market (no market at all for 

 a large number of woods), wild, unsurveyed, and 

 practically unknown woodlands, unusual and costly 

 organization and protection, the forestry depart- 

 ment has succeeded, without curtailing the timber 

 output of India, to prepare for an increase of 

 output in the future, and at the same time has 

 yielded the government a steadily growing revenue 

 which bids fair before long to rank among the 

 important sources of income. 



