41. 



APPENDIX. 



In the case of France, deforestation at home may account 

 in part for this increase of imports, especially in the earlier 

 decades. Not so in Germany, the land famous for its con- 

 servative forest management and thrift. 



Germany, which until 1863 was an export country, its ex- 

 ports of wood exceeding its imports in that year still by 

 125,000 tons, after that year shows a constant increase of 

 wood imports, and to-day Germany pays over $70,000,000 for 

 wood in excess of its exports and in addition to its own crop. 

 The excess of imports over exports averaged per year as 

 follows : — 



an increase in 40 years by 400 per cent in amount, in 20 years 

 by over 350 per cent in values, besides a considerable increase 

 in its home production, as is shown in Chapter X, while the 

 population increased only by about 38 per cent. These figures 

 would indicate in general an increase of 5 to 10 times in per 

 capita consumption ; increase in prices accounting only to a 

 limited degree for increase in the figures. 



In spite of the substitution of iron and stone for timber wood 

 and of coal for fuel wood, the wood consumption in Germany 

 has increased from about 1,625 million cubic feet in 1872 to 

 2,051 million in 1898. The consumption of fuel wood, to be 

 sure, has lately decreased, but not in proportion to the coal 

 mined, for the annual consumption of wood and coal per 

 capita was as shown on opposite page. (This table leaves 

 out importations, which add from 3 to 6 cubic feet, mainly to 

 timber wood). 



