470 APPENDIX. 



a system of licensing timber limits with some minor variations 

 in price and regulations is in vogue, and in that way the 

 timber lands themselves are still largely owned by the govern- 

 ment. The main problem before the administrations is the 

 fire problem, and all have made some attempts at protection, 

 but still large areas are burned over annually, except in On- 

 tario, where the ranger system has been very effective, and in 

 1 90 1 the loss from fire was slight. During 1901 this pro- 

 tection, one-half paid by the limit holders, cost only $30,000, 

 an insignificant sum when compared with the losses from fire 

 in former years. 



Already over 7,000,000 acres have been set aside by the 

 Dominion or Provincial governments as forest reservations, 

 and it is expected that in the near future this will be greatly 

 increased. Under the Federal Government some ten reserves, 

 containing 3,000,000 acres, have been established in Manitoba 

 and the Northwest Territories on wooded mountain ranges 

 and in the foothills of the Rockies. Ontario has four reserves, 

 viz.. Lake Temagami of 1,400,000 acres, Algonquin Park of 

 1,109,000 acres, an 80,000-acre tract in Addington and 

 Frontenac counties, and 45,000 acres in Sibly County, north 

 of Lake Superior. In Quebec, the Laurentide Park contains 

 1,634,000 acres, and in the last legislature in New Brunswick 

 a bill was passed authorizing the setting apart of a large 

 forest reserve on the Crown lands. 



What is greatly to be commended in the forestry adminis- 

 tration in Canada is, that the state retains the ownership of 

 the land and can at any time set aside any portion desired, 

 and that from the sale of the limits, ground rents, and royalties 

 on timber cut, a revenue is procured, which in Ontario, at 

 least, relieves the people from any direct tax for state pur- 

 poses. If, under the present wasteful system of forest ex- 

 ploitation, such a revenue is procured, it may confidently be 

 expected that a much larger amount will be realized when the 

 reservations are increased, as is expected, and the forests are 

 placed under scientific management. At present most of the 



