No. 129.] ^ 



of perpetual sunshine is one month. The first half-hour climate 

 extends from the equator to the parallel, where the longest day 

 is twelve hours and-a-half; the second, where it is thirteen hours, 

 &c. Thus, New- York is in the sevtnth climate, and London in 

 the tenth. 



The Secretary offered the following brief extract from our 

 books : 



Lime. — German Leim. — Glue, Sulphate of. — Selenite or Gypsum 

 is native; can be made by adding sulphuric acid to solution of 

 thje salts of lime. It is composed of lime 28x40 sulphuric acid. 

 Its crystals include two atoms =18 of wate. 



Plaster or Paris. — Tlie crystalized sulphurates heated, part 

 with their water and fall into the line powder, so called. 



Phosphate of. — Found native. Apatite from a-rarao, I deceive, 

 because it looks like other metals. It is subphosphate — a phos- 

 phorite when native. 



Carbonate of — Limestone, chalk and other kinds of limestone. 

 At a red heat these throw off their carbonic acid; it is then quick 

 lime. This sprinkled with water heats and crumbles into dry 

 powder, now called hydrate of lime. It is also called alkaline 

 earth. 



Calcium. — The metal, first demonstrated such by Davy, in 1807. 



Chloride. — X'^'^?'''^ green, the color of the gas, discovered by 

 Scheele, in 1774, alteied by French chemists to oxygenated mu- 

 riatic acid. Sir H. Davy altered this in 1809 to c' lurine, which 

 exists as a simple substance at common temperatures and press- 

 ures in a gaseous state; but when subjected to a pressure of four 

 atmospheres, is condensed into a transparent yellow fluid which 

 is a nun-conductor of electricity, one hundred cubic inches of it 

 weigh seventy-six and sevcnty-icven grains. Water absorbs 

 twice its volume, and acquires a yellow color. It has a sufibcat- 

 ing odor. A taper i»urns in it with a red, smoky flame, but soon 

 goes out. It destroys almost all vegetable and animal colors. 

 Hence its use in bleaching. Also destroys all putrid odors of 



