548 [Assembly 



a portion of the root. The only trimming required is to cut off 

 the end of the cane left standing for about one foot, as tluit por- 

 tion of the wood is always shrunken and will not bear fine fruit, 

 The ground should be thoroughly dug, and plentifully manured. 

 The canes may be lied to rods or wire placed horizontally. To 

 secure partial shade during the hot months, the top of the canes 

 of two adjacent stools are sometimes bent towards each other, 

 and tied together, thus affording a mutual support and the re- 

 quired amount of shade. A late crop may be obtained for Au- 

 gust or September, by cutting down the canes over the whole 

 stool in early spring, within a few inches ot the ground. Small 

 portions of salt have been used with good effect in manuring the 

 raspberry. New plants are in perfection the third or fourth year, 

 and should be broken up and re-set in a new piece of ground. 

 After six years the finer sorts, such as the red and white Ant- 

 werp, the Falstolf and the Franconia should be slightly^ protected 

 during the winter, north of forty degrees north latitude. In- 

 deed, our custom is to partially protect even the hardier kinds 

 as we find the quality and quantity of the fruit materially im- 

 proved by such treatment. Bend down the canes late in the fall, 

 placing them in the direction of their rows and throw a shovel 

 full of dirt on top of them within a few inches of the ends, then 

 with the plow cover the whole row once with a few inches of 

 soil. In early spring remove this soil, place the canes in an up- 

 right position. For flavoring liquors the common red is prefer- 

 red, and for cooking, the American black, and the Ohio ever- 

 bearing, which later kinds give fruit until frost. In stiff soil, a 

 shovel full of muck should be placed upon and around each 

 stool to readily admit the egress of new shoots and suckers. 



Uses. — The raspberry is an agreeable dessert fruit, and the 

 finer kinds bring a higher price in the New-York market tlian 

 strawberries. This fruit is used for preserves, jams, ices, sauces, 

 tarts, and jellies, and by confectioners for making syrups, and 

 by distillers for raspberry brandy and raspberry vinegar. An 

 admirable home-made wine may be made from the raspberry. 

 To one quart of juice add three and a half pounds of triple refined 

 sugar, and as much water as will make the mixture measure one 

 gallon. Place it in a cellar at a moderate temperature, leaving 



