AMERICAN INSTITUTE. 395 



and cold, fattening rapidly, and were closely allied to the anctent 

 Welsh cattle. These cattle are mostly middle-horns, and are 

 called Kyloes. They are also found in the Hebrides and Western 

 Islands. In the Orkney Islands, at the extreme north of Scotland, 

 the same race is found, but stunted by cold and want of food. In 

 Argyle, these cattle are, many of them, models of beauty, and 

 seem to have been descendants of the old Caledonia stock, which 

 were in early times a mild race. In Ayrshire, in Scotland, is 

 found the Ayrshire cow, an admirable breed of milkers, as well 

 as a good stock for the butcher. This is an improved breed, and 

 a cross on the Durham or Holderness, or perhaps the Alderneys. 



The king of England, Henry 8th, at various times sent expedi- 

 tions into Scotland, to plunder it. The first expedition was sent 

 in 1523, and again A. D. 1545 and 6. The expedition passed 

 North to Edinburgh and into Perthshire — it ravaged Dumfries, 

 Lanark, Stirling, Berwick and Roxburgh, and other counties in 

 the south of Scotland. 



These expeditions brought away more than 15,000 head of cat- 

 tle from Scotland, 12,000 sheep, 1,500 horses, and swine without 

 number, and the plunder was sold into the northern and eastern 

 parts of England and north of the river Thames; hence the Scotch 

 cattle became crossed upon the eastern races of cattle in England. 

 Norfolk and Suffolk counties, in England, have for centuries, 

 been famous for their herds of Scotch cattle, procured from the 

 Highlands, to fatten for the London market. 



The last of these expeditions was scarcely seventy-five years 

 before the first settlements were made in New England, and the 

 original races of cattle brought into North New England had been 

 thoroughly crossed with the Scotch cattle before the landing-of 

 the pilgrim fathers. 



Irish Cattle. 



In the north and middle parts of Ireland the English Long horns 

 and Scotch cattle have been extensively introduced. Eut there is a 

 native stock found all through the southern and western highlands of 

 this country. It is a middle-horned stock, and better known as 

 the Kerry cow. The animal is generally of small size, as found 

 in the country, but is active and vigorous, of a variety of colors, 

 some black, red, white, brindle, and mottled colors. The cow 



