AMERICAN INSTITUTE. 417 



cultural county, in England. The old Lincolnshire ox was a 

 Middle-horn. The county is a maritime county, on the German 

 ocean. 



The soil of Durham, East Yorkshire, Lincoln, Suffolk and Nor- 

 folk counties, England, is of the most recent formation, full of 

 the remnants of exeuvia from the ocean. Many cattle from these 

 counties were transferred to the counties of Essex and Middlesex, 

 Massachusetts, and were the originals out of which a portion of 

 the dairy cattle introduced by the first emigrants into the old 

 Massachusetts colony, and subsequently into Worcester county 

 and the south part of New Hampshire, were produced. 



The town of Springfield, Massachusetts, was first settled in 1635, 

 by a colony, under the old Plymouth grant, in England. William 

 Pynchon, Esq., was the leader of this settlement; he got his com- 

 mission in England. The colony first came to Roxbury, Massa- 

 chusetts. The cattle brought in by this colony were the old North 

 Devous, the Herefords, and Welsh cattle crossed on the Alderneysj 

 they formed an exceedingly fijie race of cattle for the new world. 

 The grant to this colony was a tract twenty-five miles square, 

 lying on both sides of Connecticut river, and including the towns 

 of Sufiield, South wick, Westfield, West Springfield, Old Springfield, 

 Sommers, Ludlow, Long Meadow, and Enfield, in Connecticut, 

 embracing a very fine tract of country, exceedingly fertile, and 

 well adapted to the growth of neat cattle. 



Northampton, twenty miles above Springfield, was settled in 

 1653, by a colony from Springfield and Hartford, Connecticut. 

 The land was purchased of the Indians. This tract was located 

 along the w^est side of Connecticut river, embracing the towns of 

 Northampton, Easthampton, Southampton, Westhampton, Norwich 

 and Chesterfield. The descendants of the old Devons and Alder- 

 neys, Herefords, Wiltshires and Welsh cattle were the first stock 

 introduced into this region. 



Hadley, on the opposite side of Connecticut river from North- 

 ampton, was settled in 1656, by a colony that came from Hartford, 

 Connecticut, and also from New Haven. This tract of country 

 was also very large, and included some of the most fertile lands 

 on the Connecticut river; it embraced Williamsburgh, Whateley, 

 TAm. Inst.] 2l 



