490 TRANSACTIONS OF THE 



the butter in milk, in the same proportion that food, which 

 increases the growth of muscle, will add curd or cheese. The 

 temperature of the atmosphere in which milch cows are kept, in 

 winter, affects the quantity of food required very sensibly, as the 

 internal heat of the animal is intimately connected with its respi- 

 ration. The oftener it breathes the warmer it becomes, and the 

 more carbon is released from its lungs. This frequent breathing 

 causes natural waste, which must be replaced by more food. 

 The greater the difference between the temperature of the atmos- 

 phere and the temperature of the animal's body, the more food 

 they require. A constant attention to the warmth of milch cows, 

 in the cold season of the year, is of practical importance to the 

 farmer, as he can thus diminish the quantity of food, as much less 

 will sustain them, than if exposed to cold. Still it is indispen- 

 sably necessary that the feeder pay particular attention to clean- 

 liness and ventilation, as warmth and shelter may both better be 

 dispensed with than to neglect this. Their stables, as well as 

 their skin, should be kept perfectly clean, if you wish them to 

 thrive. 



The daily production of manure is of as much importance to 

 the farmer as the yield of milk, and that depends upon the kind 

 and quality of food given to the animals. After the carbon has 

 escaped in the form of carbonic acid gas, a portion of the food 

 eaten is ejected in the shape of dung. Large framed, raw boned, 

 hard worked cattle, exposed to the cold, if well fed, will produce 

 far more manure than well housed, and warmly kept animals, 

 from the fact that they consume much more. The health of 

 animals cannot possibly be sustained unless you feed them with 

 mixed food; and it must contain, 1st. Sugar, in order that the 

 carbon may be supplied, which is constantly given off whenever 

 the animal respires, in the shape of carbonic acid. 2nd. Fatty 

 matter, to supply the fat which naturally exists in larger or 

 smaller quantities in the bodies of all domestic animals. 3d. 

 Fibrin, to supply the hourly waste of the muscles. 4th. Phos- 

 phate of lime, to renew the daily waste from the bony structure. 

 5th. Chlorides, sulphates &c., to replace the loss of saline matter, 

 ejected in the excrement. The food must therefore necessarily 



