AMEB.ICAN INSTITUTE. 583 



Wm. Lawton — A Mr. Shaw, many yeai-s ago, assured me that 

 all varieties of gooseberries can be grown in this city or country 

 without disease. I have pursued his mode, and do grow fine 

 berries. The wood never should be left over two years. The 

 best way is to train down branches and get new roots, and cut 

 away all the old wood. Cold loamy soil is the best, and never 

 use heating manures. I use fresh cow manure, so spread over 

 the earth twice a year that it serves as a manure and as a mulch. 

 Gooseberries are not always subject to blight, and with proper 

 culture in a cool soil, kept moist, the finest English berries can 

 be grown successfully. I have watered with weak salt water, 

 and found a good result. I cut away, this spring, half the wood 

 from my bushes. Swamp muck and mulching is valuable for 

 gooseberries and all other berries. Stones placed around all 

 small fruit trees and bushes is highly beneficial. 



Mr. Fuller — I use charcoal dust for all red or redish fruit or 

 flowers with great advantage. It enlarges, sweetens and hightens 

 the color of fruit. There is nothing like cow manure for fruit 

 trees. It is that and old sods that produce the finest orange trees 

 sold in our market. 



Mr. Pardee — The Albany gardeners are unusually successful in 

 growing gooseberries; they use hog manure, covering the ground 

 two or three inches deep. We can't over feed gooseberries, cur- 

 rants or roses. Strawberries may be ruined by over manuring. 

 I have used salt water upon gooseberry bushes with advantage. 

 Some of our seedling varieties and improved natives are very 

 excellent and productive. An ornamental hedge can be made of 

 wild gooseberry bushes, and afford an abundance of fruit that 

 makes good pies. 



Mr. Fuller, of Williamsburgh, observed that there were forty 

 varieties of gooseberries. They love a cool position and a heavy 

 soil, in which they are not liable to mildew. 



TO KEEP MOTHS OUT OF EEES. 



J. M. Dimond, Eaton county, Michigan — I suspended my hives 

 by wires, and thus saved the swarms from moths. The hives were 

 suspended about three-fourths of an inch above the bench. 



