AMERICAN INSTITUTE. 633 



1st. In making iron. To drive off from puddled iron the sul- 

 phur, phosphorus, and other metalloids (in substance, to drive 

 every other metal out of the iron) by cementation. His cement 

 is composed of fourteen parts (by weight) of oxide of iron, thirty 

 of highly aluminous (the purest) clay, fifty of carbonate of lime 

 or of wood ashes, four of fine pulverized charcoal, one of carbon- 

 ate of soda. These are not all of them indispensable. I place 

 the iron and cement in layers in the cementing furnace, and heat 

 it in the usual way. We tjien weld it — draw it into bars — it is 

 as soft and tenacious as cliarcoal iron. 



The many electric currents produced by the mutual reaction of 

 the elements, the reduction of a part of the earthy and alkaline 

 metals and of a portion of the oxide of aluminum, favor the escape 

 and the absorption of phosphorus, sulphur and other metalloids. 

 In order that all the carbon may be decomposed and disappear in 

 the state of oxide or carbonic acid, it is necessary that the car- 

 bonates and oxides should be in excess, &c. 



The following communication from Mr. Edward Wasnedge, 

 was read by the Secretary — 

 Secretary of the Mechanics' Club: 



Sir — I desire through you to present to the club, and through 

 the club, or the American Institute, to all who may find it con- 

 venient, (and without restriction or patent right,) a contrivance 

 that I have arranged for cutting teeth in my " tooth chissels" for 

 dressing stone. 



The tool is essentially a die, fixed below with a cutting punch, 

 moving vertically between guides, so as to bring the punch inva- 

 riably in the notch so as to cut out the space between the teeth. 

 At the same time, on a level with the die is placed a projection 

 that catches the space last formed, thus making the teeth of the 

 same size. The punch is drawn down upon the side ot the chisel 

 by a lever with a treadle, then forced through by the blow of a 

 hammer, and is drawn up on raising the foot, by means of a 

 spring, ready for the next tooth. 



To show how easily and cheaply this tool can be made to 

 answer a temporary purpose, (as in the present case,) I will 

 describe the actual arrangement. 



