IMPORTANCE OF STANDARD METHODS 15 



Standard Reproduction Methods 



High Forest Methods: — Producing forests originating from 

 seed. 



Clearcutting method. 

 • Seed tree method. 

 Shelterwood method. 

 Selection method. 



Coppice Forest Methods: — Producing forests originating 

 wholly or mainly from sprouts and suckers. 



Coppice method. 



Coppice with standards method. 



Each of these methods is treated in a separate chapter to 

 which reference should be made for definitions and discussion. 



Importance of the Standard Reproduction Methods. — 

 There is a tendency in some quarters to belittle the import- 

 ance of recognizing standard reproduction methods. This 

 may be attributed to several causes. 



First, because of a tendency to undervalue methods of 

 European origin. These standard methods arose in Euro- 

 pean practice and find there to-day their most elaborate de- 

 velopment. It is what logically is to be expected since for- 

 estry was first practiced abroad. Despite the great difference 

 in economic conditions between Europe and America the 

 laws of growth of trees and stands are the same. The stand- 

 ard reproduction methods have a sound basis in silvics which 

 will hold on both continents. 



Second, because of failure to recognize that any one of 

 these standard methods is to be applied only as a framework, 

 allowing wide range in respect to details to fit the purely local 

 needs of each forest. 



Natural reproduction follows cuttings not as a direct result 



