144 INTERMEDIATE CUTTINGS 



evenaged stand each kind of intermediate cutting is applied 

 as a separate operation, conducted independently of repro- 

 duction cuttings or other kinds of intermediate cuttings, and 

 extends more or less uniformly over the whole area. In the 

 unevenaged stand the period of regeneration is co-extensive 

 with the rotation and there may appear to be no opportunity 

 for intermediate cuttings. But reproduction is not in progress 

 continuously in all parts of the stand. Each year certain 

 small patches scattered through the stand are reproduced. 

 When reproduction is once established on these patches, the 

 period of regeneration closes so far as they are concerned. 

 Any cuttings made in these small areas during the remainder 

 of the rotation will be in the nature of intermediate cuttings. 

 With many small areas of different aged trees within the 

 same stand, there may be need for all kinds of intermediate 

 cuttings simultaneously and in addition to the reproduction 

 cuttings which are annually or periodically made. Repro- 

 duction and intermediate cuttings within the same stand are 

 thus combined in one operation, although each class of cut- 

 ting will be on a different portion of the area. 



Thinnings, improvement cuttings and salvage cuttings are 

 the principal kinds of intermediate cuttings likely to be made 

 in unevenaged stands. Cleanings and liberation cuttings find 

 less frequent application. 



Cleanings. — Cuttings made in young stands (not past the 

 sapling stage) for the purpose of freeing the more promising 

 trees from other individuals of similar age but of undesirable 

 form or species which are overtopping or are likely to overtop 

 the former trees. 



The principal purpose is to regulate the mixture to the 

 advantage of the better species in the stand. In young 

 growth composed entirely of one species, no question of 

 regulating the mixture arises and cleanings are not so essen- 



