CONTROL OF WASTE 211 



should be drawn up for each logging chance. The procedure 

 of making such specific rules involves the preparation of a 

 type and stand map and the gathering of data in reference to 

 the size, age and condition of the timber. 



Control of Waste and Destruction in Logging. — Waste and 

 destruction of timber in the logging is Hkely to occur in any 

 operation. From the silvicultural standpoint such losses are 

 important because they decrease the yield from the area at 

 the present cutting, and may lessen the possible production 

 in the future. The waste and destruction may be classified 

 under the following headings: 



(a) Material left in the tops, through failure to utilize the 

 trunk up to the minimum merchantable top diameter. 



(b) Material left in the stumps through failure to cut the 

 stumps to the lowest possible limit. 



(c) Material left in windfalls and dead trees through failure 

 to utilize the merchantable portions of such trees. 



(d) Destruction of the unmerchantable growing stock either 

 for material to use in the logging operations for skids, cordu- 

 roy roads, bridge construction, etc., or in order to facilitate 

 the logging work. 



Nowadays waste under the first three headings is consid- 

 ered evidence of an inefficient logging operation. As a busi- 

 ness proposition the lumberman may be expected to remedy 

 this defect in his operations, so soon as it comes to his atten- 

 tion, without necessarily adopting the practice of silviculture. 

 Close utilization of material in tops, windfalls and dead trees 

 is indirectly of silvicultural benefit by reducing the amount of 

 inflammable material in the forest and by removing trees 

 which might harbor destructive insects and fungi. 



In judging whether material is being wasted in high stumps, 

 big tops and dead and down trees careful consideration must 



