APPENDIX 313 



Forest utilization. That branch of forestry which concerns itself with 

 the operation of harvesting and marketing the forest crop and other 

 resources of the forest. 



G., Forstbenutzung. F., technologic forestiere. 



Forestation. The establishment of forest naturally or artificially upon 

 areas where it is at present absent or insufiicient. If distinction is 

 desired, " afforestation " may be used to designate the planting of open 

 ground, " reforestation " to designate previous wooded condition. 



Forester, n. 1. One who is trained to practice forestry as a profession. 

 G., Forstmann. F., forestier. 

 2. A title or designation of position. 



Forestry. The science and art of managing forests in continuity for 

 forest purposes, i.e., for wood suppUes and forest influences. 



G., Forstwirtschaft, Forstwesen, Forstwissenschaft. F., science 

 forestiere, foresterie. 



The main branches of forestry are Forest policy. Silviculture, Forest 

 economy or Forest management (q. v.) (including Forest mensuration, 

 organization or regulation, administration and finance). Forest protec- 

 tion and Forest utilization. 



Form class. Classification of trees according to taper, from very tapering 

 to full-boled (for use with Schiffel's form quotient). 



Form constant. The numerical difference between the form quotient 

 and the form factor (C = Q — F). The form constant remains prac- 

 tically the same for a given species, no matter of what height or diam- 

 eter. 



Form factor. The form factor of a tree is the ratio between its volume 

 and that of a geometric sohd, usually a cyhnder, having the same 

 diameter and height. The volume of the sohd (or cylinder) is taken 

 as a unit, " i," the volume of the tree or trees is expressed as a deci- 

 mal. Form factors are classified according to the point of diameter 

 measurement (base, d. b. h., top), the portion of the tree included 

 (tree-stem, merchantable portion, etc.), the geometrical figure used as a 

 basis of comparison (cylinder, cone, frustum) , the unit of measure used 

 (cubic foot, foot B. M.), and may refer to single trees or stands. In 

 this classification eleven qualifications have been so far considered. 

 Common usage implies breasthigh measurement, cylindrical compari- 

 son, cubic foot unit and single stems. The term Absolute form factor 

 is used if the base diameter is measured at the base of the tree; Normal 



