332 APPENDIX 



Social. Said of species apt to form pure stands. 

 Syn.: gregarious. 



Soil. In forest description, the origin, composition, depth and moisture 

 of the forest soil are considered under soil. Its depth, to subsoil, rock 

 or groundwater, is defined by the following terms, each of which has 

 its equivalent in inches: 



Very shallow = less than 6 inches. 

 Shallow = 6 to 12 inches. 



Moderate = 1 2 to 24 inches. 

 Deep = 24 to 36 inches. 



Very deep = over 36 inches. 



The moisture of the soil is defined by the following terms: 



Wet. When water drips from a piece held in the hand without 

 pressing. 



Moist. When water drips from a piece pressed in the hand. 



Fresh. When no water drips from a piece pressed in the hand, 

 though it is unmistakably present. 



Dry. When there is httle or no trace of water. 



Very dry. When the soil is parched. Such soils are usually caked 

 and very hard, sand being an exception. 



Soil rent. See Rent. 



Soil rent value. Value based on soil rent. 



Sour humus. See Humus. 



Sowing. See Direct seeding. 



Space number. The average distance between the trees in a stand 



divided by their average diameter; used to estimate volume of stand. 

 G., Abstandszahl. 

 Sprout. A tree which has grown from a stump or root. See Tree class. 

 Syn.: shoot, root sucker. 

 G., Stockausschlag. F., rejet de souche. 

 Sprout forest. See Coppice. 

 Sprout method. See Reproduction methods. 

 Stagheaded. A term applied to a tree dead at the top as a result of injury, 



disease, or deficient moisture and nutriment. 

 Stand. A general descriptive term referring to an aggregation of trees, 



standing on a limited area, of more or less uniformity of composition 



and condition, or of age. 



