FRENCH AND GERMAN LITERATURE. 33 



In 1864 was published Traite de la Culture du Pin Maritime dans 

 les Landes, by Eloi Samanos, Paris. 8vo, 



About this time, I presume, was published " The Desert World," 

 by Arthur Mangiu, from a translation of which, published by Nelson 

 and Sons, I have quoted so largely ; and Weld's " Tour through the 

 Pyrenees," to which I am also so greatly indebted. 



In 1870 an interesting report on the Landes of Gascony was made 

 to the academy, by M. Faye. 



These works I cite as bearing chiefly upon the planting of the 

 Landes of Gascony and the Gironde. 



The literature thus cited relates only to one aspect or department 

 of a wider subject : The natural history of drift sands, and means 

 of arresting and utilising them. 



The literature on this subject is voluminous. It is chiefly in con- 

 nection with sylviculture in Gascony that the students of the natural 

 history of Dunes in France have published the results of their obser- 

 vations. It may be, and probably it was the case, that the planting 

 of the Landes with trees called then for the study of the subject, and 

 supplied, at the same time, the opportunity of careful observation. 

 But much as we may owe to French writers on the subject, it is not 

 to them alone that we are indebted for information on the subject ; 

 and none will be more ready than they, with the courtesy of their 

 nation, and the honourable feeling of men of science, to admit that it 

 is not to them or to their countrymen, but to others, we are indebted 

 for information on many points surpassing in importance in their 

 relation to physical geography what they have communicated, 

 relating as this did chiefly, though not exclusively, to the cultivation 

 of these Dunes when formed, and the practicability of doing so 

 advantageously to all concerned. 



While they were thus employed, in other nations the subject in 

 other aspects of it was commanding and receiving attention. In 

 1832 appeared Anleitung zum A^tban der Sandficichen ; and in 1838 

 was published a work entitled Over den Oorsprong en die Geschiedenis 

 der HoUandsche Duiueii, by Hull. The latter relating to the origin 

 of the Dunes, the former to the planting of them. 



In 1841 appeared a paper, by G. Forchhammer, entitled Geognostische 

 Studien am Meeres Ufer, in Leonhard und Broun's JVeues Jahrbuch 

 fur Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie, o&c. Jahrgang, 1841. 



In 1846, was published Die Inseln und Marschen der Herzogtkiimer 

 Schleswig und Holstein. Dresden and Leipsig. 3 vols. 8vo. 



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