184 TRANSACTIONS OF THE 



between the unlaid ends and the laid portions while those parts 

 are stationary, involves the necessity of the strands receiving 

 such a separate rotary motion in a direction contrary to the lay as 

 is imparted by the tubes, 0' 0'', on their own axisj the addi- 

 tional twist which the strand first receives is carried forward 

 through the tubes for a.fore-ha7 d. A greater or less fore-hard in 

 the strand may be produced by simply varying the relative sizes 

 of the gears, I and M. Any amount of tension on the strands 

 may be obtained by increasing the friction on the strand spools by 

 springs attached to the strand spindles. The horizontal section, 

 fig. 2, conveys a clear representation of the action of the strand 

 tubes, and fig. 3 that of the strand spindles, with their hollow 

 journals, /t, and pin, g, that secures a spool in the frame. 



[^ bronze medal awarded. 



REPORT ON STEAM FIRE ENGINES. 



We, the undersigned, judges appointed by the Managers of the 

 Twenty-eighth Annual Fair of the American Institute, held at 

 the Crystal Palace in the city of New-York, October, 1856, beg 

 leave to report; 



That we have carefully examined the steam fire engines, and 

 have witnessed two experiments made by them, which was as 

 follows : 



The one presented by Mesors. Lee & Larned was eleven and 

 one-half minutes raising steam to the pressure of forty pounds 

 to the square inch, and worked for one hour, throwing one stream 

 through a one and one-quarter inch nozzle to the distance of one 

 hundred and seventy-eight feet and seven inches. 



This engine also threw one stream through a one and one-half 

 inch nozzle to a distance of one huMred and twenty five feet. 



The next experiment was by the one presented by Messrs. Silsby, 

 Mynderse & Co., as follows : Twenty-fouf minutes raising steam 

 to the pressure of thirty-five pounds to the square inch, and 

 Worked for one hour, throwing one stream through a one and one 

 quarter inch nozzle to the distance of one hundred and eighty- 

 three feet and six inches. 



This engine also threw one stream through a one and one-half 

 inch nozzle to the distance of one hundred and seventy-nine feet. 



The two engines were both inside of the building at the time 

 of being worked, and it was claimed by both proprietors that 

 they did not have a fair test of their engines. Your judges gave 

 them another opportunity to work their engines, and to move 



