238 TRANSACTIONS OF THE 



equally neat and clean, made of stout timber, frame heavily 

 filled in with bricks, and the timbers all whitewashed, showing 

 in contrast with the red bricks, the posts, braces and girders of 

 the buildings. Except a little ammonia in the barn, one was as 

 well off there as in the extremely neat dwelling opposite. The 

 young men employed at hard study in the schools during fore- 

 noon, were all hard at work in the afternoon, showing robust 

 health. 



The Club then adjourned. 



H. MEIGS, Secretary. 



July 16, 1856. 



Present — Messrs. Solon Robinson, Dr. Waterbury, Adrian Ber- 

 gen, of Gowanus, L. I., Charles F. Loosey, Consul General 

 of Austria, James K. Fisher, Mons. Charles Louis Lezare Oli- 

 vier Marie, of Paris, and his friend Mr. Mitchell, introduced by 

 Mr. James Kentisli, of New-York, Frederick W. Geissenhainer, 

 Jr., Dr. Smith, J. Blakeney Auld, Esq., and others. 



Mr. Adrian Bergen, of Gowanus, L I., in the chair. 

 Henry Meigs, Secretary. 



Miscellaneous business first according to the standing rule of 

 the club. 



The Secretary read the following extracts made by him from 

 the most recent works received by the Institute, by steamers from 

 Europe, viz : 



[London Farmers' Magazine, June 1856.] 



DEEP CULTIVATION AT HOME AND ABROAD. 



Mr. Hoskyns has described the practice of the vine growers in 

 Madeira. The vine is not a native of that island, and after grow- 

 ing well for a few years, the fruit begins to degenerate, and make 

 inferior wine. The expense of new stocks being very great, as 

 they are usually brought from the Hock- vineyards of Germany, 

 every expedient has been tried in order to postpone the evil as 

 long as possible; but no manuring, or pruning, or attention is of 

 any avail; and the only remedy is found in deep cultivation! " I 

 once happened" he says " to see the process." Nearly a score 

 of laborers, hard at work, were standing in a long trench as deep 

 as they were tali, stocking the earth from one side and throwing 

 it up on the other. On inquiry, they told me they were trench- 

 ing an old vineyard for fresh planting — trenching 7iearly six feet 

 deep I Some months afterwards a merchant in taking, me over 



