288 TRANSACTIONS OF THE 



away with hand hoeing of row crops entirely. Tlie driver does 

 not follow fliis tool so as to walk over the disturbed soil, but walks 

 in the next row before its disturbrnce. With a small mule this 

 tool is made to do the work of forty men with hoes, and in a 

 much more perfect manner. 



Knox's Horse. Hoe. 



Is also an admirable tool, being a compound of the root cleaner 

 and two small plow shares, so arranged that they can be made to 

 throw the earth toward, or remove it from, corn or other crops. 

 It has many useful applications, and is an admirable tool. 

 Pratfs Ditching Machine. 



This machine, with the help of a pair of oxen or horses, will 

 dig 75 rods, per day of ditch 16 inches wide and three feet deep. 

 Professor Mapes has drained a seven acre field with it the present 

 season ; the drains, however, are made five feet deef», the lower 

 two feet being dug by hand in the usual way. 



Horticulture. 



In this department Prof Mapes has made great strides. He- 

 raises large quantities of the finer kinds of fruit for market, most 

 of which are sold to the Broadway fruit dealers. 



The Vineyard contains about 1,200 vines in full bearing, and we 

 have never seen a finer display of fruit or better wood. No 

 disease is to be seen among the grapes, the greater portion of 

 which are Isabella and Catawba. The other kinds cultivated 

 embrace the following: Norton's Seedling, Hiberman's Madeira, 

 Eland's Virginia, Charter Oak, Rulander, Portuguese Blue, Con- 

 cord, etc. 



Pears. 



Both standards and dwarfed on quince stocks are largely raised, 

 and we' have never seen a pear orchard in so fine a condition ; 

 many of the small trees having 200 pears each of the largest size 

 and in perfect condition. The farm has many hundred fruit trees 

 of other kinds ; apples, plums, peaches, apricots, cherries, etc. 



The Small Fruits. 



Of these there is a great variety and in large quantities. 



Strawberries in many varieties, including Hovey's Seedling, 

 Black Prince, Myatt's Eliza, Victoria, British Queen, Prolific 

 Hautboy, Scarlet Cone, etc. 



