AMERICAN INSTITUTE. 299 



Smith, at Lois Weedon, raises 34 bushels of wheat on an acre 

 year after year! For turnips Smith uses per acre farm .yard 

 manure heavily, and then adds guano next spring, and gets twenty 

 tons of turnips per acre. 



Smith at Lois Weedon, who gets 34 bushels of wheat from an 

 acre, year after year, without manure, sows his wheat in triple 

 rows a foot apart. These triple rows and three feet intervals alter- 

 nate with each other. The intervals admit of the crop being hoed 

 and cultivated up to the month of June, when the wheat comes 

 into ear, and by this means one half of the land is well stirred. 

 The next year these intervals are sowed, and so on successively. 



Smith says that his Lois Weedon soil is composed of gravelly 

 loam, with a varied sub-soil of gravel, clay and marl ; that this 

 land has been worked hard for nearly a century; it has never 

 known a bare fallow in the memory of man. 



Query by H. Meigs — Will the marl explain the matter 1 for its 

 influence is ascending ! 



Cereals are always diminishing their leafy surfaces as soon as 

 they begin to put forth their ears, and as their glassy stems are 

 not fitted for absorbing ammonia from the atmosphere, they must 

 draw it from the soils. 



RAILROADS FOR CARRYING STOCK. 



It is estimated that cattle driven on a common road 100 miles 

 lose each 20 pounds weight, sheep 8 pounds, pigs 10 pounds. In 

 1853 seven railroad companies brought nearly twelve hundred 

 thousand head of live stock to London; in 1854 more than two 

 millions of oxen, calves, sheep, lambs and pigs. And one of the 

 most important results of this conveyance is its rapidity, so that 

 a great quantity of country-killed meat is now transmitted to 

 London. Seventeen thousand tons of meat and poultry were 

 conveyed to London in 1854 by the great Northern railway. 



Mr. Braithwait Poole says that in 1850 there were 67,500 tons 

 of country killed meat conveyed to Newgate and Leadenhall 

 markets alone, 



MILK. 



The dairy cows of London yield an average of nine quarts 

 daily, and number 24,000. The railways bring more and more 



