314 TRANSACTIONS OF THE 



[Journal de la Societe Imperiale et Central D. Horticulture. Paris, Sept., 1856.3 



THE APPLE TREE. 



By Mons. Saillet Fils. 



Some facts observed in Normandy, since the attack of our apple 

 tree by disease, seem to corroborate the opinion of Mr. Charles 

 Eabache as to the malady of the grape-vine. Apple trees <and 

 pear trees were attacked by a small insect called the ^carusj 

 which seems to have caused the malady by piercing the bark. 

 But there is nothing to justify this notion. Mr. Bernon, naval 

 druggist of Cherbourg, states his opiniou that a sort of degeneracy 

 which no direct experiments can prove, exerts a fundamental 

 influence, which no human power can prevent or arrest, is the 

 cause, perhaps in part by perturbations in the seasons and mete- 

 orological phenomena which have coincided exactly with the 

 attack of the malady of each year of its occurrence. 



This reminds us of the remarkable falling olf of one of our best 

 apples, viz: the Baldwin and others, mentioned by Dr. Wellington at 

 a recent meeting of this Club, as well as of the wonderful effects 

 on plants, especially potato, since the equally wonderful myste- 

 rious action of Asiatic cholera on men, almost everywhere, of all 

 climates, manners and races — on the gems of the salt sea, the 

 beautiful islands, or on continents full of fresh water and immense 

 vegetable growth. 



[Bulletin Mensuel de la Societe Imperiale Zoologique, D'Acclimatation. Oct. 1856, 



Paris.] 



This number contains accounts of the African colony, the 

 mineral discoveries, the amelioration of the race of horses in 

 Algeria in rapid progress, remarks on horse shoes and the shoeing; 

 that more injury is done to the horse by improper shoeing than is 

 usually known. A horse properly shod is greatly more useful 

 and durable than one shod by a man who does not understand the 

 true principle of his work. But in spite of strict watching bad 

 shoeing continues to be done. Among other maladies caused by 

 bad shoeing are the encastelure, hoof-bound — a considerable closing 

 up of the heel. When this begins, the horse begins to put his foot 

 with fear as if he was walking on thorns. This soon affects his 

 shoulders, and he has to move some time before this disappears, 

 but it soon reappears after rest. This malady sometimes increases 



