AMERICAN INSTITUTE. 339 



Subjects for next meeting "How to make and preserve 

 orchards," and also " Winter work of farmers." 



The Club then adjourned to the first Tuesday of January, 1857. 



H. MEIGS, Secretary. 



January 6, 1857. 



Present — Messrs. Clarke, of Brooklyn, Adrian Bergen, of 

 Gowanus, Doughty, of Jersey, Thomas W. Field, of Brooklyn, 

 Vail, of the Mount Vernon Agricultural School, Geo. E. Waring, 

 of the same, President Pell, Hon. Robert Swift Livingston, of 

 Dutchess county and the city of New-York, Rev. D. Carter, of 

 Brooklyn, Solon Robinson of the Tribune oflQce, Mr. Wagener, 

 Mr. Graef, of Brooklyn, Prof. James J. Mapes, of Jersey, Mr. 

 Brown, of Jersey city, Mr. Ay crigg, of Passaic, N. J.,Dr. Waterbmy, 

 Dr. Wellington, Mr. Stacey, D. C. Robinson, Esq., Mr. Leonard, 

 Mr. Chambers, Mr. Pardee, Dr. Smith of the Times office, Mr. 

 Wheeler, of Wayne county, and others — forty-seven in all, 



Hon. R. S. Livingston in the chair. Henry Meigs, Secretary. 



The Secretary read the following translations, &c., made by him 

 since the last meeting. 



[From Bulletin Mensuel De La Societie Imperiale Zoologique D'Acclimatation, 

 Nov. 1856, Paris. Presented to this institute.] 



Essay en the Goat, by Monsieur Sacc, Professor of the Faculty of 

 Science, Keufchatel. Switzerland, Delegate from the Society of 

 Wessaling. 



"The goat belongs to the group of Hollow-Horned Ruminants, 

 and particularly characterized by the absence of incisive teeth in 

 the upper jaw, they being replaced by a sort of pad which is very 

 callous. Between the incisive and the molars (grinders) we find 

 a void space caused by the want of canine teeth. These molars 

 (six on a side) are furrowed on the inside and outside with undu- 

 lating elevations. Their crowns are oblique and marked by lines 

 resembling a half moon, with its horns turned up without and 

 turned down within. The feet have two fingers, covered with a 

 sort of shoes behind, above which we find two little spurs. 



Like all ruminants a goat has four stomachs, or rather, we ought 

 to say, a quadruple stomach. The first one on the left side under 

 he cavity formed by the junction of the thigh to the belly, is 



