440 TRANSACTIONS OF THE 



3. It goes immediately to the relief of the half dying plant 

 that it finds suffering not only for food but moisture, and changes 

 it from the sickly yellow hue to a green and flourishing color. 



4. For grass and clover fields nothing can surpass it, as it con- 

 veys nutrition and water to the very spot most requiring it — the 

 roots and spongioles. 



5. That the application of town sewage has produced far 

 heavier crops than any other known variety of manure; and that 

 a four-fold production of grass above the usual growth has been 

 maintained for half a century, as I before mentioned, in the 

 vicinity of Milan. 



6. That the wonderful increase of the fertilizing power of 

 manures applied in the liquid form, not only on sands, but clay 

 and loams, has been proved to be far superior in every respect to 

 the solid applications, producing in every instance remarkable 

 effects, being economical and prompt in its action, preventing the 

 loss which invariably occurs by drying in the solid form, and 

 being at the same time free from injurious emanations while in 

 solution, as it is immediately carried beneath the surface of the 

 soil. 



7. The method of distribution through pipes is very eifectual, 

 and cheaper than any other, requiring less outlay, less liquid, 

 and applies it with far less waste and but little danger to the 

 farmer's health, at the same time is applicable to grass as well as 

 arable land, and prevents inconveniences and losses which are 

 occasioned to all farmers by irregular showers of rain. 



All manure made by human individuals, as well as animals, 

 contains thirteen out of fourteen parts of urine; every human 

 being on an average, contributes to town sewage, during every 

 twenty-four hours, four ounces of solid, to forty-eight ounces of 

 liquid excrement, therefore the solid manure of 1,250,000 per- 

 sons would weigh 140 tons. Observe then the enormous value 

 of city sewage, all of which is carried to the ocean, representing 

 the products of agricultural indiistry, raised with so much care, 

 and then to be so ruthlessly wasted. If a few of the many mil- 

 lions of dollars annually spent for guano, were only one year 

 expended in our great city of New York, we could construct at 

 the mouth of every city sewer, a large well cemented receptacle 

 for the daily collection of the sewage water of the city, and 

 connect there with pipes to two reservoirs, one on the east and 

 the other on the west side of the town, these might have attached 

 to them two large pipes, the one leading along the rails, beneath 

 the surface of the ground of the Hudson Kiver railroad, and the 



