222 Transactions of the American Institute. 



Dr. Israel Jarvis. — The most important inqiiir}^ for this man is to 

 know first what fisli is natural to his waters. Maybe he cannot kee]) 

 trout at all. The mountain trout must generally have clear water 

 running tlirough a primary — that is, a granitic or a sandstone country. 

 But ponds for eels and bullheads can be established almost every- 

 where. Perch and dace also are easily produced. 



Mr. Horace Greeley. — If he makes a trout pond he must be care- 

 ful not to have it too deep, or deep in proportion to the amount of 

 cool water supplied. If trout cannot find cool water they die. 



The pond should at least be shoal at the upper end. 



Mr. Wm. S. Carpenter. — Neither should the trout pond be too 

 shallow, else the fish would perish in winter. An iiTegular bottom 

 is best. He cannot be too careful about allowing the water to get 

 warm. I remember many years ago carrying some trout in a tubful 

 of the water from which they were taken. Some of the water was 

 spilled, and the tub filled from a warm pond. It killed the trout. 

 In the library of the American Institute, and also in the last report 

 of the agricultural department at Washington, Mr. M. will find all 

 the information he needs for a successful prosecution of the fish busi- 

 ness. The Legislature of New York made Seth Green, of Monroe 

 county, and Mr. Roosevelt, of New York city, special commissioners 

 to have charge of the restocking of the streams of this State. The 

 State of Massachusetts gave similar authority to Theodore Lyman, of 

 Boston. The reports of these gentlemen are published, and can be 

 had by writing for them. 



Deep Plowing. 



Mr. Arthur Boyrie, New York city. — Will the Club give the pub- 

 lic a definition of the word plowing. Is it pulverizing, scarifying, 

 disintegrating, or turning over? Every amateur farmer, every 

 would be philosopher, every man of theory, constantly repeats, 

 " plow deep." Gentlemen, with all respect, do you understand that 

 of which yon speak ? Or are farmers such simpletons as not to know 

 their best interests, unless somebody tells them ? Farmers have 

 adopted, without much telling, planters and reapers, and when they 

 shall be offered an instrument that will plow deep and do it well 

 they will adopt it. We have no practical instrument as yet, that I 

 knoM' of, tliat will plow deep ; and I doubt if any implement con- 

 structed on the principle of the old Egyptian, or even the American 

 plow, will ever do it ; nor do I care if you run it beam deep. Now 



