Proceedings of the Farmers' Club. 313 



have been familiar with its use all my life, and am convinced that 

 oxen Avork as easily in it as in a harness. If properly constructed it 

 will in. no respect injure the cattle used in connection with the right 

 sort of cart. It is this vehicle acting- upon the yoke, and not the yoke 

 in itself, that injures the oxen. Tlie body must necessarily be so 

 constructed as to throw a considerable weight upon the tongue, and 

 through that upon the yoke and the oxen's necks. The least jar is 

 conimunicated from either wheel, with increased force, to the team ; 

 the yoke is jerked with more or less violence, first to one side and 

 then to the other, and the eiFect upon the oxen must be unpleasant 

 and irritating, if not, as in many cases it undoubtedly is, absolutely 

 injurious. It is little less than barbarous to subject ai:!imals to such 

 treatment, and it is to be hoped that four wheeled vehicles will soon 

 couiC into universal use. Used in connection with such a vehicle, or 

 a chain, I think a yoke is not only more convenient for a teamster, 

 but preferable in every respect to a harness. 



Spring Strawbeeky Crate, 

 Shown by Mr. J. W. Fletcher, of Centralia, Illinois. — This is a series 

 of coiled springs, similar to bed springs, in the bottom of the crate. 

 The inventor is Mr. Goodall of the above place. They have been in 

 use this season, and were generally approved. by shippers. Mr. Quinn 

 thought it of much value when fruit is hauled over rough roads. 



The Importance of Using Pumps. 



Mr. II. T. TVoodl)erry, Stamford, Conn. — In behalf of house- 

 keepers, the following facts and figures are offered : A connnon twelve 

 quart pail (containing ten quarts of water), as ordinarily brouglit 

 from the well, weighs twenty -five pounds. An average family needs 

 at least twelve pailsful, 300 pounds a day, 109,500 pounds, fifty-four 

 and. three-quarter tons a year, much of it to be carried in the worst 

 of weather, and when the carrier, warm from kitchen work, is most 

 liable to contract disease from the exposure. Our well is three rods 

 from the house, lience each pailful involved a walk of six rods, 

 seventj^-two rods per day, 20,280 rods, eighty-two and one-eighth miles 

 a year. We have put a pump in the kitchen, attached to it a pipe, 

 nearly five rods long, extending to wdthin six inches of the bottom of 

 the well, and now, without exposure, or opening a door, or spilling 

 water on clothing or floor, or tracking in mud or snow, and not least, 

 without a temptation to use water sparingly, can easily bring in five 



