PROCEEDINGS OF THE FARMERs' CLUB. 239 



grows like wheat upon dry land. He has seen it produce sixty bushels 

 per acre in the interior of South Carolina. 



Apple Tree Insects. 



Mr. J. S. Woodward, Hess Cross-Koads, Niagara county, New York, 

 sends the following : 



"With this receive a box containing some apple limbs, which are punc- 

 tured and contain some eggs — of what insect? Also a limb marked ' 1,' 

 on which are a pile of eggs — of what ? Also a cocoon marked ' 2/ on 

 which are a lot of eggs — of what ? Also a few cocoons marked '3,' some 

 of them perfect, and some containing some other insect. What are the in- 

 sects making the cocoons, and what the insects which they contain ? 



"Tiie cocoons are fastened to the limbs, and the leaf to the cocoon, on 

 the upper side. 



" There are three worms which have appeared on orchards in this vicin- 

 ity within four years. 



" First and worst, a w^orm about one and a half inches inches long, red- 

 dish brown or dark orange, with gray spots; its head is smooth and a dark, 

 dull red, and at about one-third of the distance from the head back it looks 

 as though its back was broken and a callus had formed of the same color 

 as its head. 



" Tlicse worms when first seen are all on one leaf, about one-sixteenth 

 of an inch long, and the first leaf is only eaten so as to leave a skeleton 

 leaf, and when they move they all go to another leaf, and then range in a 

 row around the edge, just as thick as they can lay, and cat at the edge, 

 and in this way go from leaf to leaf, and soon a young tree is entirely 

 stripped of leaves. I have frequently found eggs like those on limb No. 1, 

 where these worms had been. What worm is this, and is there any better 

 way than to watch him and crush him in his infancy ? 



" Second, but not half as bad, a green worm about four inches long, and 

 having two rows of spines or protuberances along his back, of an orange 

 color, one-quarter of an inch long, and the first pair next his head are one- 

 sixteenth of an inch in diameter, and are covered with black spots or dots. 

 These go in pairs and are voracious, and will soon clean a tree four or five 

 years set entirely of leaves. What worm is this, and is there any better 

 way of getting rid of him than J:o shake him off and put a foot on him, for 

 I cannot bear to to touch him with my hand ? 



'■ Third, a little fellow, one-half or five-eighths of an inch long, a dirty 

 white, and lives in the end of the young shoots when they are two to four 

 inches grown, and eats down the inside and kills the shoot entirely. This 

 is not very destructive, but is very vexatious, as he spoils the shape of our 

 young trees by heading them back just when we don't want them headed 

 back. This is the hardest to find of any of the worm family; and when we 

 have found him, he has done all the mischief. Tiicse are all apple pests, 

 of course. 



" Which is the best way of pruning a young orchard, to cut out the 

 centers, or to leave that and form the trees pyramidal as much as may be? 

 Please present this to the Club for consideration, and information to the 

 fruitgrowers in this vicinity." 



