338 TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE, 



the pipe at the curves, from 36 to 46 inches in diameter, the pipe being' 

 broug'ht down to its original size between each curve. This proposition 

 was approved by several prominent eng-inecrs. Mr. Cleveland objected to 

 these enlargements; he believed they would increase rather than diminish 

 the evil complained of In order to demonstrate his statement, he made 

 the following' experiments: First, he constructed a straight pipe of lead, 

 36 inches long and one and a half inches internal diameter; second, he 

 made another pipe extending the same distance, and containing two curves, 

 so as to carry the water in a direction perpendicular to its first course, then 

 again in first course thus turning two right angles. The diameter of the 

 ends of the pipe was l^ inches, and that of the curved part was 1 11-12 

 inches. Parallel lines drawn through the centre of the two ends were just 

 2| inches apart. Third, he constructed another pipe containing four curves, 

 the two curves additional to those in the second pipe, were to bring the 

 Avater back, so that its entrance and discharg-e were in the same right line. 

 The curves, in the third pipe, were of the same diameter with those in the 

 second pipe. The pipe between each two curves, as well as at each end, 

 was 1| inches in diameter. These pipes were constructed with the greatest 

 care; the curves were fitted in halves over wooden forms, and soldered on 

 the outside, the inside being made so smooth as to leave no crease at the 

 joints. A tank of water was prepared 5 feet 2| inches in diameter at the 

 top, and two feet deep. A hole was made on the side at the bottom, into 

 which each of the pipes was in turn fitted. The object being to discharge 

 precisely the same quantity of water through each pipe, two marks were 

 made on the inside of the tank, the upper one being the height of the water 

 at the commencement of the discharge, and the lower one the hight at the 

 close. The pipe on being inserted was closed at the end, bj"^ clay placed 

 on the hand, which could be instantly removed on the signal being given; 

 and instantly restored when the surface of the water in the tank had 

 reached the lower mark. The experiments of discharging through the 

 several tubes were made with great care, and afterward repeated, to verify 

 their accuracy, and the following is the result: 



The same quantity of water passed through the straight pipe in 218 

 seconds; through the one joint pipe in 314 seconds; through the two joint 

 pipe in 371 seconds. 



From this it appears that the increased time required for the f?ow through 

 the second pipe was over 40 per cent, through the third pipe over 70 per 

 cent. These experiments decided the question and the proposed plan was 

 abandoned. 



A New Loom. 



Mr. Overton stated that a new loom was in operation in this city in 

 which the ordinary beater was dispensed with. A motion is produced in 

 which the shuttle is carried backward and forward by a circjilar beater 

 placed between each thread, so that the transverse thread, forming the 

 woof or filling, is pressed up by a spring as fast as the shuttle moves. 

 The objection to the ordinary loom is the concussion made by the beater. 

 These concussions are so great that where many looms are placed in one 

 building they have the effect of a concentrated blow, thus shaking the 



