474 TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE. 



concluded that the heat which will raise the temperature of a pound of 

 water 1", will lift 772 lbs. a foot high. 



Mr Fisher hoped that the effect of heat, in changing- the state of water 

 from solid to liquid and to vapor, and in changing its temperature when in 

 these states, would be further investigated. Some had argued from the 

 new theory of heat that there could be no gain from expansion in steam 

 engines; others argued from the same theory that there was no gain from 

 sui)erlieating. These views were not held by Dr. Katikine, wlio is a sup- 

 porter of the theory; but men who claim to be practical, and have influence 

 for much good if they be right, or much harm if wrong, select certain re- 

 sults of experiments that accord with this construction of the theory, and 

 doubt the truth of the reports of other experiments and observations that, 

 if true, '^refute their views. Unluckily these doctrinaires have the sole and 

 secret management of the experiments now being made to settle these 

 questions; and hovt'ever sincere they may be, it is scarcely to be expected 

 that they will not deceive themselves. 



Mr. Bartlett alluded to the fact that the scientific world were agreed in 

 the opinion that Heat, Light, Electricity and Magnetism were convertible 

 forces, and may therefore be regarded as having the same or similar media 

 of action. 



After selecting the subject of "Pumps" for the next discussion, the 

 Association adjourned. 



American Institute Polytechnic Association, | 

 January \Wi, 18135, j 



Prof. S. D. Tillman in the chair; Benjamin (xarvey. Secretary. 



New Pump. 



Dr. AVillard exhibited a naw pump. It is a double acting force pump, 

 with a heavy double acting valve substantially within the piston, which 

 is wnter-packed. The whole apparatus being of cast iron, is made cheaper 

 than ordinary pumps. The piston rod is hollow and forms the pipe through 

 which the w,ater is conveyed to the height required; when not in action 

 the water is discharged at the bottom, so that fresh water is always drawn 

 when this pump^s used in wells. 



The pump called forth considerable criticism, which was generally 

 favorable; the principal objection presented being that the water passed 

 through a circuitous route to reach the pipe above the piston, thereby 

 causing increased fiction. 



Emery. 



The Chairman said Silliman's Journal for Jannuary contained an account 

 of the discovery of a mine of emery in the town of Chester, Mass., written 

 by Prof. Charles T. Jackson, of Boston, that gentleman is now present and 

 the association would be gratified to hear from him regarding location and 

 extent of this mine. 



Prof. Jackson said he did not expect to say anything hero upon the sub- 

 ject of emery, but he would briefly give the facts regarding the discovery. 



