THE VABI0U8 TYPES 287 



attention from berry -growers. The old English Eted 

 appears not to have been a true red raspberry, bul to 

 be a representative of a distinct "-lass, which later came 

 to be called the Purple Cane. Winn Fuller wrote his 

 mosl excellent "Small-Fruit Culturist," in ls(>7. there 

 were four types of raspberries in cultivation: the 

 black-caps, represented by the American [mproved or 

 Doolittle, Dawson's Thornless, EUsie, Miami. Ohio 

 Everbearing, Seneca, Summit Xellow-cap, Surprise. 

 White-cap and Woodside ; the red raspberries, com- 

 prising Allen's Red Prolific, Allen's Antwerp, Kiit - 

 land. Pearl, Stoever and Scarlel : the purple-canes, 

 with Catawissa, Ellisdale, Gardiner, Purple Cane and 



Philadelphia: the foreign or Id;i'iis types, of which he 



mentions sixty-seven varieties, but which, as a class, 

 although "larger and better flavored than those of our 



Dative Species," present few Varieties "th;it ;||V ll;ll(l\ 



in the northern states, and I heir leaves burn more or 

 less at th«' South." The black raspberries are direcl 

 offspring of the wild black-cap or thimbleberry, Rubus 

 occidt iifnlis. which is common everywhere in the north- 

 eastern states. It is the first pure native species to 

 give domestic offspring, and it i> now the most widelj 

 ami extensively cultivated of anj American raspberry. 

 The true red raspberries are direct offspring of the wild 

 red or Bcarlet berry, Rubus strigosus, which is the 

 American representative of Rubus Tdceus, and bj some 

 botanists held to be onlj a geographical modification of 

 the latter, it has a wide natural range, extending 



farther north than the Mack-cap. The foreign van. 



ire direct offshoots of Halms Tdceus, which grows 

 wild from Norway and Siberia to Spain ami Greece. 

 But what is the purple-cane tribe, of which the 



