102 ASSOCIATION OF IRON, STEEL AND TIN WORKERS (^234 



perienced disputes of this nature, resulting in a scale pro- 

 vision covering the points at issue. The Pittsburgh scale 

 of 1887 provided that extra help be furnished for the heater 

 by the employer on all iron and steel weighing over 160 

 pounds, and extra men (not to exceed two) for sheet-mill 

 rolling " on all sheets thirty-six inches wide and over." 

 The same scale contains a clause that muck-mill rollers 

 shall be given additional help in rolling billets " one inch and 

 a half or less."°' The convention of 1899 adopted a reso- 

 lution that, on bar mills, " one man's help shall be furnished 

 by the company on piles of 150 pounds, and an additional 

 man on piles of 250 pounds, to shove under at the rolls on all 

 passes, and for every additional 100 pounds and over an 

 additional man shall be furnished." Similar foot-notes have 

 been inserted gradually in the scale until today there is a 

 considerable number of such provisions. They have not, 

 however, been gained without serious opposition from the 

 manufacturers. 



The Association has established the rates to be paid by 

 members to helpers, who also belong to the union. Pud- 

 dlers' helpers receive not less than " one-third and five per 

 cent " of the puddlers' rates ; heaters' helpers in sheet mills 

 " not less than 40 per cent of heaters* wages." The helper 

 frequently receives more than this ; and, in some cases, the 

 two men work the furnace " level handed," that is, on equal 

 shares. In 1880 the rates to be paid by rollers to roughers 

 and catchers were, by agreement, inserted in the scale. 

 Since that time the wage rates of other workmen have been 

 added to the scales. Men who are not " regular" members 

 of the crew, employed about the rolls, but who belong to 

 the union, make their own terms with those who employ 

 them, subject to the scrutiny of the local union. Their 

 wages may not be reduced during the scale year, and are 

 subject to the fluctuations of the sliding scale."" 



^8 Pittsburgh Scales of Prices, 1887-1888, Memorandum of Agree- 

 ment, pp. 3, 6, 18. 



CO Proceedings, 1899, pp. 5565, 5620; 1905, p. 7366 ; Constitution, 

 1901, art. 17, sec. 22; 1916, art. 17, sec. 21. 



