^3 



PREFACE IX 



University, was then conducting the courses in Political 

 Science. After Dr. Willoughby's return to academic work, 

 the former study was, at his suggestion and under his en- 

 couraging guidance, elaborated and given its present form. 



After the manuscript had gone to press. Miss Sarah 

 Wambaugh's Monograph on Plebiscites appeared. This 

 work was " prepared under the supervision of James Brown 

 Scott, Director of the Division of International Law of the 

 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace," and was 

 published by the Oxford University Press, New York, 1920. 

 Its more than a thousand pages contain an historical sum- 

 mary, a detailed account of the plebiscites recorded, and a 

 collection of documents comprising more than two-thirds 

 of the volume. 



Miss Wambaugh's book covers in part chapters III-V of 

 the present study. In the matter of historical detail her 

 presentation is more exhaustive than that of the chapters 

 named. The historical side of the question has been treated 

 in the latter, not with the intent of giving a minute descrip- 

 tion of the precedents cited, but rather with the object of 

 furnishing an analytical basis for the deduction of con- 

 clusions and for the technical discussions of the later chap- 

 ters. The instances of self-determination by assembly vote 

 or by popular suffrage in connection with the American 

 secession movement and the vote in the section of the Dis- 

 trict of Columbia, retroceded to the State of Virginia, have 

 been omitted from Miss Wambaugh's Monograph. They 

 are, however, included in the following investigations for 

 reasons which will appear from the text. 



A number of references to Miss Wambaugh's study have 

 been added to the manuscript where they seemed helpful 

 and convenient. 



J. M. 



