387] THE REVIVAL OF THE PLEBISCITE IN ITALY 89 



Gazette that in Modena the dictator Louis Farini willfully 

 excluded the rural vote, a charge which "Mr. Farini has 

 not denied," Dupanloup asserts that "in spite of these ex- 

 clusions . . . there remained in the duchy of Modena still 

 72,000 electors" of whom hardly 4,000 cast their vote. 

 " But," so he asks, " had these 4,000 the right to enslave the 

 will of all the inhabitants of the duchy of Modena?"" 



When, on January 16, i860, Cavour once more accepted 

 the premiership, he " imagined that since Napoleon III had 

 obtained the imperial throne by a plebiscite, he would not 

 deny the validity of such a claim in Italy, and forthwith 

 submitted this idea to the Emperor who was bound to ap- 

 prove of it."^^ However, Napoleon did not give his consent 

 until, in accordance with the agreement of Plombieres, the 

 cession of Savoy, and in addition that of Nice, was guar- 

 anteed to France. ^'^ French approval having been won, the 

 final plebiscites in Emilia (including Parma, Modena, Ro- 

 magna, Bologna, etc.),^° and Tuscany were held on March 

 11-12, i860. "The decree for the plebiscites had given the 

 vote to all males of age ; the ballot papers gave the choice 

 of voting for annexation or ' a separate kingdom.' Twenty 

 per cent of the population voted, or about three out of four 

 of those on the register."^^ Public figures gave in Parma: 

 53,782 for, 165 against ; in Modena : 52,499 for, 56 against ; 

 in Romagna : 200,659 for, 244 against, annexation with 

 Piedmont." In Tuscany "the autonomists mustered 15,000 

 votes out of 386,000."" 



Victor Emmanuel II, having considered " the result of 

 the Universal Suffrage of the Emilian Provinces, proving 

 their unanimous desire to be united to our State " and " hav- 

 ing consulted our Ministers," on March 18 declared these 



" Ibid., p. 382. 

 28 Orsi, p. 266. 



2" Ibid., p. 267; King. vol. ii, pp. 11 5-1 16. 

 **» King, vol. ii, p. 121. 

 «i Ibid. 



"2 Stoerk, p. 126; R. von Mobl, Staatsrecht, Vulkerrccht und 

 Politik. TiibinRcn, 1K60-1869, vol. ii, p. 294. 

 "^ King, vol. ii, p. 121. 



