413] FROM THE MIDDLE OF THE I9TH CENTURY II5 



Assembly had declared unanimously for union with Greece, 

 and it repeated its declaration when, on June 14, 1861, 

 Miaulis in the Greek Chamber assured the Islands that 

 hardly anybody in Greece was opposed to the union. On 

 the occasion of the second vote it was decided to send a 

 copy of its declaration of June 27, 1859, to the British Gov- 

 ernment and to the other Great Powers, On October 5, 

 1861, the Ionian Parliament once more voted for annexa- 

 tion to Greece. When Austria, France, Prussia, and Russia, 

 through the Treaty of London of November, 1863, had 

 agreed to the union, England relinquished her protectorate 

 in favor of annexation to Greece.®^ 



St. Bartholomew, together with a group of ten smaller 

 islets of the Lesser Antilles, were added to the colonial 

 possessions of France in the year 1658 by order of M. 

 Poincy, Governor of the Island of St. Christophe, under 

 the ministry of Mazarin.** The Island was ceded to Sweden 

 in 1784 in consideration of trade concessions in favor of 

 France®^ and was retroceded to France by sale for the 

 amount of 400,000 francs in the Treaty of August 10, 1877. 

 But in this treaty both Sweden and France agreed to secure 

 the sanction of the populace to the act of transfer. 



''3 Ibid. Freudenthal, p. 11, note 3, and Stoerk, p. 135, maintain 

 that the case of the Ionian Islands has only an " iiusserlichen Zusam- 

 menhang" with the scope of the subject because (i) the cession was 

 not a real change of territorial sovereignty, but merely the termina- 

 tion of a protectorate; (2) the people did not hold a plebiscite, but 

 the issue was decided in Parliament. In this connection see also the 

 case of the Island of Crete, where several assembly votes in favor 

 of union with Greece took place between 1906 and 1912. At that 

 time Crete was still under Turkish sovereignty, though under the 

 protection of four of the Great Powers. A popular uprising in 

 March, 1912, overthrew the government forced upon the Cretons by 

 the protecting Powers and set up a provisional government of their 

 own choosing, " the reception of whose delegates at Athens in Octo- 

 ber, 1912, was one of the excuses for the outbreak of the Balkan 

 War." The union of Crete with Greece was recognized by the 

 Treaty of Bucharest of August 10, 1913 (VVambaugh, p. 20; The 

 New International Encyclopa'dia, Crete). 



•*♦ E. Plauchut, L'Annexion de I'ile Saint-Barthelemy, in Revue 

 des deux mondes, 1879, vol. xxxii, p. 422. 



»» Ibid., p. 428. 



