427]] THE PLEBISCITES IN THE PEACE TREATIES 129 



ment with their population." In Article VI Russia recog- 

 nizes the independence of Ukrania and " obligates herself 

 to conclude peace at once with the Ukranian People's Re- 

 public and to recognize the treaty of peace between that 

 State and the Powers of the Quadruple Alliance. . . ." 

 Article 7 of the Supplementary Treaty signed at Berlin, 

 August 2"], 1918, reads in part: 



Russia, taking account of the condition at present existing in 

 Esthonia and Livonia, renounces sovereignty over these regions, as 

 well as all interference in their internal affairs. 



The same article provides that " their future fate shall be 

 decided in agreement with their inhabitants." 

 Article 10 of the same supplement stipulates as follows : 



With regard to Esthonia, Livonia, Courland, and Lithuania, agree- 

 ments, among others, are to be concluded with Russia, as to the 

 following points : 

 I. With regard to the nationality of the former Russian inhabi- 

 tants of these territories, as to which they must in any case 

 be allowed the right of option and departure . . . ; 



5. With regard to the regulation of the new frontiers ; 



6. With regard to the effect of the territorial alterations on the 



State treaties. 



By Article VI of the Treaty of March 3, Germany has 

 secured the right to occupy Esthonia and Livonia by a Ger- 

 man police force until security is insured by proper national 

 institutions and public order has been established."^ 



There is in the Brest-Litovsk treaties no provision for 

 the application of a plebiscite in any of the territories sepa- 

 rated from Russia. The ner-est reference to a consent of 

 the people is found in the statement that the future fate of 

 Esthonia and Livonia " shall be decided in agreement with 

 their inhabitants." From a Protest to the German Govern- 

 ment by representatives of the Provisional Esthonian Gov- 

 ernment against the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk^ it appears 

 that "by a vote of the General Esthonian Assembly \Lai\d- 

 tag\, which as the legal representative of United Esthonia, 



1 The text used is that published for the United States Department 

 of State. "Texts of the Russian ' Peace' (With Maps)," Washing- 

 ton, Govt. Printing Office, 1918. 



'^ Ibid., pp. 223-226. 



