212 



INDEX 



[510 



Napoleon I, coup d'etat by pleb- 

 iscite of 1799, 25-26; consul 

 for life by plebiscite of 1802, 

 26; emperor by plebiscite of 

 1804, 27. 



Napoleon III, president of France 

 by plebiscite of 1848, main- 

 tenance of authority by pleb- 

 iscite of 1851, hereditary em- 

 peror by plebiscite of 1852, 

 27, 157; withholds and grants 

 consent to Italian plebiscites, 

 89. 93. 97; sponsor of plebis- 

 cite and self-determination, 93, 

 96 (note), 103-104, 106-108, 

 no. 



Nice, intervention by revolution- 

 ary France, 66-67 ; vote for 

 annexation to France, 66-67 ; 

 annexed (l793), 67; promised 

 Napoleon III by Cavour at 

 Plombieres (1858), 86, 89, 93, 

 97-98; promised by secret and 

 public agreements (i860), 98 

 (note) ; cession to France 

 (i860), 97~99- See also Savoy. 



Norway, separation from Swe- 

 den by plebiscite (1904), 112- 

 114, 151-152. 



Oppenheim, L., on cession and 

 plebiscite, 28 (note), 30 (note), 

 127. 



Option, history and principle of, 

 129, 131-132, 138. 145. 147. 163- 

 167. See also Bonfils; Rivier; 

 Ullmann ; Willoughby. 



Orlando, Vittorio, on self-deter- 

 mination, 178. 



Padelletti, G., on plebiscite, 199 

 (note). 



Padua. See Italian States. 



Pamiers, people agree by accla- 

 mation to change of overlord- 

 ship (1285), 42. 



Parma. See Italian States. 



Peru, cession of Tacna and 

 Arica. See Tacna and Arica. 



Piacen/^a. See Italian States. 



Pichnn. Stephen, on self-deter- 

 mination. 178. 



Plebiscite, definition and origin 

 of, 11-12, 196-TQS; executive, 

 12 (note) ; legislative, 12 



(note) ; national (in internal 

 affairs), 12 (note), 97, 151, 

 161 ; annexationist or inter- 

 national, 12 (note) ; in inter- 

 national relations, meaning and 

 purpose of, 12,95-96, 151-152, 

 161, 198-201 ; criticism of con- 

 duct of, 26, 50-51, 56-57. 59- 

 60, 63-64, 67. 73-76, 85, 88-89, 

 90-91. 94-95, 116, 157-163; as 

 applied by revolutionary 

 France, 78-79; not recognized 

 in Europe outside of revolu- 

 tionary France, 79-81 ; in ter- 

 ritory under military occupa- 

 ton by conqueror. 154-155, 159; 

 on restricted franchise, 159- 

 161 ; by simple or larger ma- 

 jority. 161-163. 201-202; as 

 state policy, 168; advocates 

 and opponents of, 171, i88r-i89, 

 199 (note). 



Plebiscitum. See Rome. 



Plombieres, agreement of (1858), 

 86. 89. 93. 97-98. 



Pommern. See Versailles, Treaty 

 of. 



Popular consent, definition of, 

 II, 28; opposed by United 

 States, 125, 172-174; opposed 

 by England. 111-112. 188. See 

 also Plebiscite, in international 

 relations; Self-determination 



Popular sovereignty, proclaimed 

 by revolutionary France, 24, 

 29-30; extended to interna- 

 tional relations, ^T, not recog- 

 nized by states outside of 

 France, 80; gains recognition 

 in national life of Western 

 Europe. 81 ; acclaimed by Ital- 

 ian States, 81 ff. See also 

 Squatter sovereignty. 



Posen. See Versailles, Treaty 

 of. 



Prussia. East, separated geo- 

 graphically from Germany. 154 

 (note). See also Versailles, 

 Treaty of. 



Prussia. West. See Versailles, 

 Treaty of. 



Rauracie, Republic of. Se€ 



Basel. 

 Referendum, definition of, 1 1. 



