312 Ungulata. 



"The order is well represented on all the continents 

 of the globe, with the exception of Australia, but at the 

 present day it has a far larger number of species in the 

 Old World than in the New ; many of those from the 

 former area belonging to groups quite unknown in the 

 latter. Although represented in the Arctic regions only by 

 the reindeer and the musk-ox. Ungulates are found alike 

 in the coldest and the hottest regions of the globe. The 

 maximum number of peculiar forms, as well as those of 

 greatest corporeal bulk, are, however, inhibitants of the 

 tropical and subtropical regions; and it is also in the 

 warmer regions that the greatest number of species 

 occur. ' ' 



Collar-bones are invariably absent in all the species of 

 the Ungulata, and their limbs as a rule are restricted to 

 a backward and forward motion; while all of them are 

 adapted to a life on land, most of them can swim if neces- 

 sary, and none of them are arboreal ; as a rule they are 

 characterized by their relatively large size, the order in- 

 cluding the most bulky of all mammals; and most of 

 them have a tendency to develop horns of some kind or 

 other on the head. 



HOLLOW HORNED RUMINANTS. 



Under the name Hollow Horned Euminants are in- 

 cluded only the oxen, sheep, antelopes and goats ; but the 

 deers, swine, camels and some other types also belong to 

 the even-toed or cloven-footed Ungulates. 



Some scientists include all the Hollow Horned Rumi- 

 nants except the Prongbuck or Blessbok (Bubalis-albifrons), 

 in the family Bovidae ;but others place only the oxen in the 

 Bovidae, and put the Antelopes, Camels, Deers, Goats, Sheep 

 and Musk Ox into separate families, known respectively 

 as the Antelopinae, Camelidae, Cervidae, Capriniae, Ovinae 

 and Ovibromae. These Hollow Horned Ruminants, to- 

 gether with the Giraff, form a division distinguished 

 from all the other Even-Toed Ungulata by the absence of 

 front teeth in the upper jaw, the possession of complete 

 cannon bones, and hoof enclosed feet, and four cham- 

 bered stomachs "divided into four complete cavities, into 



