TUBIFERA 207 



shades, then finally umber-brown. These colors were noticed by all 

 the older authors, but very inaccurately; thus a white Plasmodium is 

 the basis for Tubifera cylindrica (Bull.) Gmel., a roseate Plasmodium 

 for Tubifera iragiformis (Bull.) Gmel., and the mature fructification 

 for Tubifera ferruginosa (Batsch) Gmel. Rostafinski adopted a spe- 

 cific name given by Bulliard, but Batsch has clear priority. 



The peridia are sometimes accuminate, and widely separate above. 

 This is Persoon's T. fragiformis. In most cases, however, the peridia 

 are connate throughout, and sometimes present above a membranous 

 common covering. This is T. fallax of Persoon ; Licea cylindrica 

 (Bull.) Fries. In forms with thicker peridia, the walls often show 

 the granular markings characteristic of the entire Anemeae. 



2. Tubifera stipitata (Berk. & Rav.) Macbr. 



1858. Licea stipitata Berk, & Rav., Am. Acad., IV., p. 125.i 

 1868. Licea stipitata Berk, & Rav., Jour. Linn. Soc, X., p. 350. 



1875. Tubulina stipitata (Berk. & Rav.) Rost,, p. 223. 



Sporangia crowded in a globose or more or less hemispheric, ex- 

 panded head, borne upon a spongy, stem-like, sulcate hypothallus 

 3-4 mm. high, their apices rounded, their walls very thin, evanescent; 

 spores in mass umber-brown, small, about 5 /x, the epispore reticulate 

 as in the preceding species. 



This differs from number 1 chiefly in the cushion-like receptacle on 

 which the crowded sporangia are borne, and in the smaller spores. 

 The species originates in a Plasmodium at first colorless, then white, 

 followed by salmon or buff tints, which pass gradually into the dark 

 brown of maturity. This peculiar succession of colors is perhaps 

 more diagnostic than the difference in habit. The spores are, how- 

 ever, constantly smaller in all the specimens we have examined, and 

 the stipitate habit very marked. 



New England, New York, south to South Carolina, and west to 

 South Dakota ; our finest specimens are from Missouri. 



3. Tubifera casparyi (Rost.) Macbr. 



Plate XII., Fig. 9. 



1876. Siphoptychium casparyi Rost., Mon. A pp., p. 32. 



^ For this citation we are indebted to Mr. Hugo Bilgram. 



