60 A METHOD OF MEASURING THE DEVELOPMENT 



be drawn in line with each other and each placed in the 

 middle of one-half of the paper. When a child succeeds in 

 this test in his first attempt, it is always necessary to ask 

 him whether he was already familiar with it. 



II, Reconstructs a triangle. — A visiting card has been 

 cut in two pieces along the diagonal (Fig. 11, Appendix). 

 The pieces are placed on a sheet of paper in their original 

 position. The subject is directed: "Look well at the lower 

 piece. Suppose that I turn it around and place this edge 

 (tracing the edge a — c with the finger) on this edge (a — b 

 of the upper piece). Suppose further that the point c is 

 placed just on the point b. Now, I take away the piece ; in 

 your imagination, place it as I have described and draw its 

 outline in this position. Commence by following the 

 outline of the upper piece." The test is very difficult. It is 

 required that the subject draw a right angle at b, and that the 

 edge a c be shorter than the edge a b. Often only one of 

 these conditions is fulfilled. 



III. Gives difiference in meaning of abstract terms. — 

 "What is the difference between laziness and idleness? — Be- 

 tween event (evenement) and advent (avenement). — Between 

 an evolution and a revolution?" These are the questions that 

 are asked. Correct answers to two suffice. In stating the 

 difference between idleness and laziness it is necessary to 

 point out that the former results from external circumstances, 

 while the latter is an individual characteristic. For the dis- 

 tinction between event and advent it is hardly necessary to 

 mention that an event (evenement) is something that takes 

 place, while an advent (avenement) is a king's ascension to 

 the throne.* An evolution is a slow progressive change ; a 

 revolution is a sudden change ; some persons take the word 



♦TRANSLATOR'S NOTE.— As it seems impossible to retain 

 both meaning and similarity of sound of this pair of words, we have 

 translated avenement, advent, and of course accept a general mean- 

 ing instead of the particular one noted in the text. 



