YPONOMEtJTA PADELLA. 263 



" The gardener at Shane's Castle informs me, that 

 the caterpillar so injurious to apple trees made its 

 appearance for the first time on the spindle-tree, or 

 forest-box, and the elder in the park, principally 

 about the mouth of the river Main, in the year 1819. 

 In 1820 the apple trees in Shane's Castle nursery 

 were infested, and in the following season all the 

 apple trees in both garden and nm-sery. For several 

 years in succession the trees exhibited very little of 

 either leaves or fruit, and so ruinous were the depre- 

 dations of the caterpillars considered, that about the 

 year 1827 or 1828 Lord O'Neill ordered to be 

 raised and thrown into the lake, all the apple trees in 

 the nursery, and a number trained as espaUers in the 

 garden. His order was obeyed as to the raising ; 

 but the trees were collected by two farmers, who 

 ' headed down' and planted them in their gardens, 

 where they have since become healthy, and produced 

 good crops. Between the years 1826 and 1828 the 

 evil was at the worst ; since then it continued to 

 decUne, until 18-30 or 1831, when it entirely ceased. 

 Nearly aU the fruit at Shane's Castle was destroyed ; 

 and in Mr. Adams's garden I know that fully one- 

 half was lost." 



I shall conclude my enumeration of the ravages 

 committed by caterpillars by an instance of the evil 

 caused by the gi-ubs of the Tipulidce, or crane-flies. 



