2 PHILINE. 



Genus PHILINE Ascanius, 1772. 



Philine ASCANIUS, K. Vet. Ak. Stock. Handl. 1772, p. 329. 

 Bullcea LAM., Syst. Anim. s. Vert. p. 63, type B. plandana Lam., 

 P. aperta L. (1801). Lobaria MULLER, Zoologise Danicse Pro- 

 dromus, p. 226 (1776). Utriculopsis M. SARS, Nyt. Mag. f. Natur- 

 videns., 1870, xvii, p. 177 (see p. 16). Colpodaspis M. SARS, Bidr. 

 Kundskab. Christianiafjordens Fauna, ii, p. 74 (1870). Colobo- 

 cephalus M. SARS, t. c., p. 54, type C. costellatus M. Sars, pi. 11, f. 

 7-14. Ossiania MONTS., Norn. Gen. e Spec. p. 147, type P. quad- 

 rata S. Wood (1884). Hermania MONTS., /. c., type P. sca&raMiill. 

 Phyline and Philwa of some writers. 



-\-Laona A. Ad., Johania Monts. and Megistostoma Gabb. 



Shell ovate or squarish, thin and fragile, smooth, spirally striate 

 or punctate, or latticed, translucent, pale colored ; consisting of few 

 loosely convoluted whorls, which are entirely open from below ; 

 spire sunken ; aperture very large, broadly effuse below, the outer 

 lip retracted joining a wide sinus above. Columella thin, arcuate, 

 type P. aperta L. 



Animal much too large to be included in the shell. Head disk 

 oblong, large, without eyes : parapodial lobes fleshy and erect ; foot 

 obliquely truncated behind, the shell and mantle projecting beyond 

 it. Mantle reflexed and completely united over the shell. (PI. 3, 

 figs. 53, 54, P. aperta ; pi. 4, figs. 77, 78, P. pruinosa). Gizzard (pi. 

 9, figs. 6 from above, 7 lateral view) containing three lozenge- 

 shaped plates, with the inner face convex, outer face concave and 

 pierced by two foramina (pi. 9, f. 1-3, P. aperta). Sometimes giz- 

 zard-plates are rudimentary or absent. 



Kadula without rhachidian teeth, the laterals large, erect, claw- 

 shaped ; uncini to 6, small, narrow, and curved acicular when pre- 

 sent (pi. 9, figs. 4, 5 P. aperta ; fig. 10, P. pruinosa}. 



The names Lobaria and Bullcea are absolute synonyms, being 

 founded upon the type species of Philine. Utriculopsis, Colpodaspis 

 and Colobocephalus were based upon the young of various species of 

 Philine, although I believe that the last-named has not been ident- 

 ified as yet with any adult form. The dentition of Colobocephalus 

 as figured by the younger Sars (see pi. 9, fig. 8) agrees well with that 

 of Philine. 



Sometus Ferussac (Tab. Syst. p. xxx) and Blainville (Malaco- 

 logie, p. 478), Sormei of Adanson, has sometimes been placed in the 



