MANUAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 



FAMILY HELICIDJE, Vol. V. 



Genus HELIX, Linne, (Concluded.) 



Sub-genus PAPUINA Martens. 



Geotrochus BECK, (in part) Index p. 47, 1837, not o/v. HASSELT, 

 Algemeene Konst-en-letterbode voor het jaar 182, p. 233 ; see also, 

 Bull, des Sci. Naturelles et de Geol.iii, Paris, 1824, p. 83, paragraph 

 9 ; and also, Ostas. Zool., Landschn. p. 245. Geotrochus of authors 

 generally. Papuina v. MART., in Albers, Die Heliceen, 2d. Edit, 

 p. 166, 1861. Type H. lituus Less. Eugenia ALBERS Mss. 

 Insularia TAPPARONE CANEFRI, Ann. M.US. Civ. di Storia Nat. di 

 Genova, xix, p. 115, 138 ; 1883, type H. lituus. Pileolus LESSON, 

 Voy. de la Coquille, Zool. ii, p. 313, first species H. tuffetii Less., 

 H. gaberti also included ; (preoc). Cymotropis v. MART., Die Hel. 

 p. 169, type " H. vitrea "=H. antrorsa Pfr., Merope ALBERS, Die 

 Heiiceen, 2d edit. p. 158, type H. fringilla Pfr. (name preoc. in 

 Mactridce Acavus of E. A. SMITH and TAPPARONE CANEFRI, not 

 Acavus MONTF. 



There can be no question that v. Hasselt's group Geotrochus was 

 founded on species of Trochomorpha or Trochonanina. " Under the 

 generic name Geotrochus, I group three little shells, agreeing with 

 Trochus in form of the shell, but with Helix in the animal." The 

 species obtusus, turriculatus and zonatus are enumerated by v. Hasselt. 

 The absence of true Papuina in Java, and the abundance of Trocho- 

 nanina at the localities visited by Hasselt, cause Dr. v. Martens to 

 surmise that he had before him Helix winteriana and conus or allied 

 species. Swainson and many others have used the name Geotrochus 

 for H. pileus and allies, and it is an unfortunate circumstance that 

 the change is necessary. 



Shell turbinate or trochiform, imperforate or umbilicate, rounded 

 at the periphery or cariuated. Surface smooth or variously 

 sculptured, not hirsute. Aperture oblique ; peristome expanded. 



