544 A MANUAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 



118 grammes protein, 56 grammes fat, and 500 grammes carbo- 

 hydrate, corresponding to about i8'8 grammes* nitrogen, and 

 at least 328 grammes carbon. 



Ranke found the following a sufficient diet for himself, with 

 a body-weight of 74 kilos : 



Proteins - - 100 grammes. 



Fat - 100 



Carbo-hydrates - - 240 ,, 



This corresponds to only 16 grammes nitrogen and, say, 230 

 grammes carbon. 



A German soldier in the field receives on the average : 



Proteins - 151 grammes. 



Fat - 46 



Carbo-hydrates - 522 ,, 



representing about 24 grammes nitrogen and 340 grammes 

 carbon. The average ration for four British regiments in peace- 

 time contained 133 grammes protein, 115 grammes fat, and 

 424 grammes carbo-hydrate (=3,400 calories). But in addition 

 the soldiers constantly obtained at their own expense a supper, 

 generally comprising meat (Pembrey). The Russian army war 

 ration in the Manchurian campaign is said to have comprised 

 187 grammes protein and 775 grammes carbo-hydrate, but 

 only 27 grammes fat (= 4,900 calories). The diet of certain miners 

 (Steinheil) and lumberers (Liebig) contained respectively 133 and 

 112 grammes protein, 113 and 309 grammes fat, and 634 and 

 691 grammes carbo-hydrates. The diet of prize-fighters and 

 of athletes in training is richer in protein than any of these. 

 The members of two college football teams are stated to have 

 consumed on the average 225 grammes protein, 334 grammes fat, 

 and 633 grammes carbo-hydrates (= 6,800 calories). Caspari, from 

 a study of the phenomena of training, concluded that continuous 

 bodily work at a rate above the ordinary requires a large amount 

 of protein (2 to 3 grammes a day per kilo of body- weight) . But 

 there seems to be a considerable difference between different 

 individuals. So that a definite and typical diet for severe labour 

 does not exist. And although perhaps the hardest physical work 

 ever done in the world is to break athletic records, to cut and 

 handle timber, to mine coal, and to make war, the diet on which 

 these things are accomplished is very variable. > & 



Recent observations tend to reduce the amount of protein 

 considered necessary for a person under ordinary conditions. 

 Siven remained in nitrogen equilibrium, for a time at least, with 

 an intake of only 0*07 to 0*08 gramme of nitrogen (0-4 to 0-5 

 gramme of protein) per kilo of body-weight, or not much more 

 * Taking the percentage of nitrogen in protein at 16. 



